EMT MEGA QUIZLET

- questions from every test

Identify the TRUE statement regarding the anatomy of a pediatric patient versus an adult.

Children’s windpipes ate more soft and flexible.

You arrive at a scene with a patient in respiratory distress. Shortly into your assessment the patient becomes unconscious and stops breathing. You begin to ventilate with a BVM and an OPA in place. Your ventilations do not produce chest rise. Your partner removes the patients shirt and you see the patient had a stoma. You begin ventilating through the stoma with the BVM. Because the ventilations are through a stoma, which of the following will most likely occur?

Unless the seal is adequate, air will escape around the stoma.

Which of the following is a major function of the neurological system?

Protection

Which systems listed below is responsible for increasing heart rate when we are scared or injured?

Nervous

Which of the following connect bones to bones?

Ligaments

The ribs, sternum, spine, and skull make up what part of the skeleton?

Axial

Which of the following bones of the pelvis do you sit on?

Ischium

A patient has a fractured pelvis following a fall of 16 feet from a deck collapse. The patient had a radial pulse on your arrival, however, 10 minutes later both radial pulses are absent. what does this change reflect?

The patient had a drop in the blood pressure

Which of the following terms is used to describe body parts found the same on either side of the midline?

Ipsilateral

The mechanical process that moves air in and out of the lungs is called:

Ventilation

What is the name of the tissue that covers the outside of the lungs?

Visceral pleura

Which of the following could most likely be thought of as the fuel filter for the body?

Liver

Which of the following best defines decompensated shock?

When the blood pressure begins to fall

You have an anxious trauma patient with pale, cool, clammy skin and a stable blood pressure of 120/80. His pulse and respirations are rapid. Which of the following BEST classifies this patient?

Compensated shock with anaerobic metabolism

You are caring for a patient who has been vomiting large amounts of blood. The first set of vital signs was pulse 100, respirations 24, and BP 150/64. Ten minutes later the vital signs are pulse 122, respirations 28, and BP 150/64. This trend in vital signs is consistent with?

Compensated shock

Which of the following is a direct function of the skeletal system?

Storing calcium

Which of the following plays a part in the body’s immune response?

White blood cells

Which of the following is defined as any substance capable of inducing an immune response?

Antigen

What part of the brain is responsible for the control of the body’s vital functions?

Brain stem

Which of the following blood vessels are unable to vasoconstrict?

Capillaries

Fluid of blood loss is small children is especially significant because:

Children generally have limited fluid reserve

Which of the following is the layer of skin where blood vessels, nerves, sweat and oil glands are located?

Dermis

What type of shock causes poor distribution of blood as a result of the blood vessels getting too large?

Anaphylactic

The systolic blood pressure measurement is a reflection of:

Left ventricular performance

If your patient has cold and clammy skin, which of the following should you most likely suspect?

Hypoperfusion or shock

You have a patient who was struck on the left side of the abdomen. The patient is complaining of abdominal pain and left shoulder pain and is showing signs of hypoperfusion. Which of the following has MOST likely been injured?

Spleen

Which of the following is the latest sign of hypoperfusion yo become apparent?

Decreased blood pressure

Which of the following causes an increase in heart rate in compensated shock?

A decrease in pressure sensed by the baroreceptors.

You are called at 10 am to the scene of an MVC that most likely occurred during the night. You find an unresponsive patient that has a slow, weak, thready carotid pulse. The skin is cold and mottled with no peripheral pulses. You find minimal respirations and the blood pressure is unobtainable. Your final impression is that of:

Irreversible shock

You respond to the scene of a child that was hit by a car while riding his bicycle. which of these signs would indicate that your patient is in compensated shock versus decompensated shock?

Normal systolic pressure

What is the name of the organ in the digestive system where the chemical breakdown of fat primarily occurs?

Small intestine

Which of the following are considered complications of the genitourinary system?

\-Urinary Tract Infection

\-Testicular torsion

\-Kidney stones

\-Cystitis

During the stage of shock when compensatory mechanisms have failed, cells are forced into:

Anaerobic metabolism

The dermis and epidermis layers of the skin are responsible for?

Organ protection

How are cells able to produce ATP without the presence of oxygen?

By using anaerobic metabolism

Where in the respiratory tract does the most O2/CO2 exchange occur?

The alveoli

Which of the following is the common reason we take a breath?

When the carbon dioxide level is too high in the brain stem

Which of the following describes what is being measured when using a pulse oximeter?

The percentage of hemoglobin carrying oxygen

Following a building collapse, a victim is found trapped with some restriction yo the chest and abdomen. The patients color is dusky grey with blue lips. Respirations are difficult to evaluate due to the entrapment and the pulse is rapid. What is your immediate treatment?

Assist ventilations with high-flow oxygen and a bag-valve mask.

The circulatory system has no role in which of the following functions?

Digesting nutrients

Which of the following is the product that binds to hemoglobin to give it a bright red color?

Oxygen

You are treating a 70-year-old with a history of treated hypertension who is now experiencing hemorrhagic shock. Which of these will interfere with the ability to compensate?

Medications such as beta blockers.

What is the name of the artery in the neck we feel to see if the patient has a pulse?

Carotid

Which of the following nervous systems is activated with digestion?

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Blood vessel size is directly and indirectly controlled by the:

Sympathetic Nervous System

The middle layer of the protective coverings of the central nervous system is called the?

Arachnoid Layer

How does the endocrine system regulate body function?

By releasing hormones

Which of the following would take a dominant role immediately after eating?

The autonomic, parasympathetic nervous system.

In which part of the nervous system would the spinal cord be included?

Central

Which of the following BEST describes the physiological function of hormones?

To chemically maintain homeostasis

The sympathetic nervous system will do which of the following when stimulated?

Increase heart rate

Which of the systems listed below is primarily responsible for the chemical regulation of the body?

Endocrine

Of the following organs, which would be responsible for detoxifying blood?

Liver

If you think of the blood as the oil in a car’s engine, which of the following organs would best fit the role of oil filter?

Kidney

When there is a physiologic reason for decrease in tidal volume, the body will compensate by:

Increasing the respiratory rate

Blood leaving the heart from the right side travels next to the:

longs through the pulmonary artery

What is the most significant problem associated with ongoing hypovolemia as it relates to preload?

Reduced circulation to the heart muscle

The ability of the heart cells to depolarize on their own is known as?

Automaticity

What other name could be used for involuntary muscles?

Smooth

What is the process that allows oxygen and carbon dioxide to transfer in the alveoli?

Diffusion

In the average adult, an increased diastolic pressure is a reflection of an increase in?

Systemic vascular resistence

Where do the nerves that control the diaphragm exit the central nervous system?

The cervical spine

What is the immediate concern with the patient who has suffered a spinal cord injury at C3?

Loss of diaphragm movement

The reason there are C-shaped rings to support the trachea from collapsing is because of:

negative pressure during inhalation

the primary chemoreceptor responsible to initiate inhalation is the:

Carbon dioxide receptor in the medulla

The coronary arteries fill with blood to deliver to the heart during:

Diastole

At the conclusion of a primary assessment, what is the principal reason we determine the priority of the patient?

To determine if we need to immediately transport

Upon arrival at the scene, you are met by firefighters who take you to your patient. They explain that the patient is awakened by loud noises and will respond to their name by mumbling. What is the MOST appropriate way to describe the patient’s level of consciousness?

The patient is responsive to verbal stimuli.

Which patient below will need a complete secondary assessment (detailed physical exam) prior to arrival at the hospital?

A football player who has been involved in a fistfight after a game.

When should you apply manual stabilization of the cervical spine of an apparently unresponsive trauma patient?

As you are assessing the patients mental status.

Which of the following is the MOST important aspect of obtaining a primary (initial) assessment of your patient?

Identify and treat immediate life threats

You are called to the scene of an unresponsive patient found in a closed garage. Which of the following would present the greatest immediate potential threat to the rescuer’s safety?

Unseen hazards in the garage.

One significant change EMS providers must be aware of in the geriatric age group that will affect assessment findings is they have a decrease in:

Pain perception

Which of the following findings should you be looking for during a rapid abdominal assessment of a trauma patient?

Bruising, Distension, Firmness, Tenderness

You are responding to an incident involving multiple cars. While you are about a quarter of a mile away, which of the following presents the greatest probable hazard?

Other responding emergency units.

While transporting a stable patient to the emergency department, you notice the patient begins to repeat questions and looks confused with your answers. You should promptly reassess the:

Level of consciousness

You are assessing a medical patient. Which of the following are the LEAST important when performing a complete secondary assessment (detailed physical exam)?

The patients skeletal structure.

How should you determine the responsiveness of an infant?

By flicking the soles of the feet.

You are called to the scene of a 47-year-old with a current chief complaint of chest pain. The patient denies a history of any illness or injury. Which of the following will provide you with the greatest information?

OPQRST

Which of the following describes the BEST reason for forming a general impression of the patient?

It allows us to decide the priority of the patient.

When should you obtain a baseline set of vital signs on a responsive patient?

After obtaining a history and a primary assessment.

The presence of jugular venous distention is found by easily observed jugular veins when the patient is:

Sitting at a 45-degree angle.

You have a patient that is alert, has an open airway, is breathing adequately, has a normal pulse, and skin is normal. The patient has just fallen out of a three-story window and you have a bad gut feeling. Which assessment should you perform NEXT?

Rapid trauma assessment

While assessing the skin color of your patient, you notice signs of peripheral and circumoral cyanosis. Which of the following should you MOST likely suspect as the cause of the cyanosis.

Hypoxia

Which of these will provide the BEST information of the nature of the illness at the medical call with a conscious adult patient?

The patient

Which of the following diagnostic devices would be most appropriate to use when trying to determine the degree of the respiratory compromise in a patient with the chief complaint of shortness of breath?

Pulse oximeter

Why do we assess a patient for external bleeding during our primary (initial) assessment?

If significant, it is a life threat that we can immediately address.

Which of the following areas of the body are evaluated during the complete secondary assessment (detailed physical exam)?

The entire body from head to toe that can be assessed.

Where do we initially assess the pulse of an unconscious infant?

Brachial

Pick the BEST example of trending.

Three blood pressure readings over 15 minutes.

You have a 26-year-old male who has a chief complaint of pain in the lower posterior lateral back that radiates to his gentials. He indicates he has had this pain before. Which of the following would be the BEST way to assess his current condition?

Asking him to compare this pain to the last time he had it.

If your patient has a cold and clammy skin, which of the following should you MOST likely suspect?

Hypoperfusion or shock

Using measurement of distal pulses and blood pressure, you have watched a patient’s pulse fall and blood pressure rise. Without any other additional information, what key condition are these changes most indicative of in a trauma patient?

Head injury

You are reassessing a patient while waiting for ALS to arrive on scene. Which of the following should be included in the ongoing assessment?

Checking any treatments or interventions

If your patient has cyanosis, which of the following should you MOST likely suspect?

Hypoxia

You would perform a modified secondary assessment (focused exam) over a rapid secondary assessment (rapid trauma exam) on a patient because:

Your general impression is stable and there is no significant mechanism

Which of the following assessments are the MOST important when performing the complete secondary assessment(detailed physical exam)?

Identifying any life-threatening injuries not previously identified

What is the immediate concern with the patient who has suffered a spinal cord injury at C3?

Loss of diaphragm movement

You have completed the primary (initial) assessment. Which of these is a reason to look at the mechanism of injury again?

It allows you the opportunity to better tailor your assessment.

What are you listening for when you first assess breathing during the primary (initial) assessment?

Air leaving the airway and inappropriate noises.