AP World History Units 1-5 Review

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from AP World History Units 1-5, designed to aid in exam preparation.

Confucianism

A hierarchical philosophical understanding of the world used to maintain and justify rule in Song China; it provided order and stability and allowed people to secure bureaucratic positions based on merit.

Imperial Bureaucracy

Appointed officials who carry out the empire's policies, expanded during the Song dynasty to consolidate power and rule.

Chan Buddhism

A Chinese innovation on Buddhism, melding it with traditional Chinese ideas like Daoism, and diffused from China to neighboring regions.

Champa Rice

A rice variety from the Champa Kingdom (modern Vietnam) that allowed for multiple harvests per year, contributing to the flourishing Song economy.

Grand Canal

An internal waterway that acted as a transportation system that enabled China to become the most populous trading center in the world.

Dar al-Islam

A cultural region formed by various Islamic states that relied on similar practices to govern their empires, such as the Delhi and Mamluk Sultanates.

Sufi Movement

A mystical form of Islam that was able to adapt to local forms and cultures, facilitating the spread of Islam.

Jizya

A tax imposed on non-Muslims in the Delhi Sultanate, where the majority of people were Hindus.

Srivijaya Empire

A Hindu empire in Southeast Asia that prospered by taxing ships using their sea lanes for shipping.

Tribute System (Aztec)

A system used by the Aztec Empire to exercise political dominance over distant lands without direct involvement, extracting tribute from conquered peoples.

Swahili

A language that was a blend of Bantu and Arabic, which arose from participation in the Indian Ocean trade network and facilitated trade.

Feudalism

A decentralized political system in Europe where a king granted land to lords in exchange for tribute, and lords hired knights to protect the land.

Manorial System

The organizing political and social order in Europe at the time, where the manor contained the whole village and many peasants lived their entire lives without leaving the manor.

Three-Field System

An agricultural innovation in Europe where crops were rotated through three fields, increasing food production and leading to a population explosion.

Kashgar and Samarkand

Cities located along the Silk Roads that grew in power and prominence because of their importance to the facilitation of trade.

Caravanserai

A series of inns and guest houses all along the Silk Road so merchants could stop and chill for a little while and sleep and be safe.

Paper Money

Commercial technology innovation that greatly facilitated and increased trade because it is much lighter as far as weight goes than silver and gold.

Lateen Sails

A technological innovation that made trade much easier across distances.

Diasporic Communities

A settlement created by people living apart from their homeland. Helped facilitate trade by making the necessary connections that encourage those economic relationships.

Mansa Musa

The most powerful and influential ruler in Mali; he was able to further monopolize trade between the north and the interior of the continent and that increased the wealth of Mali and facilitated the growth of existing trade networks.

Baghdad

During the interconnectedness, the Mongols sacked Baghdad in 1258, and that led to a significant period of decline for that once vigorous city.

Ibn Battuta

A young Muslim scholar from Morocco who, over the course of about 30 years, traveled all over Dar al-Islam and his travels were made possible because of those trade routes and because of the interconnectedness of the world.

Black Death

The bubonic plague spread due to increasing connectivity, creating the occasion for the spread of one of the deadliest diseases in world history.

Gunpowder

The chief means by which these land-based empires were able to expand, consolidate power, all of it.

Janissaries

Enslaved Christians who were converted to Islam and trained into an elite fighting force in gunpowder weapons in the Ottoman Empire.

Devshirme

The system used by the Ottomans to form a large bureaucracy and staff their imperial bureaucracy with highly trained individuals.

Legitimizing Power

The methods that a ruler uses to communicate who's in charge, to say, these are all the ways that they try to convince the people that 'I'm the legitimate ruler.'

Consolidating Power

The methods that are used to transfer power from other groups to a single ruler.

Divine Right

European Monarchs used such concept to claim that they are like a representative of God on earth. So you can't oppose me.

Emperor Kangxi

A Qing ruler, and he used art to consolidate power by having portraits made that displayed imperial portraits that put himself in prominent places throughout the empire.

Mercantilism

The dominant economic system that characterized a lot of these European states at this time looked at the world's wealth as if it were a pie.

Treaty of Tordesillas

It's Spain and Portugal's a diplomatic solution, and that essentially divided up the Americas.

Columbian Exchange

A transfer of animals, foods, and diseases from Europe to the Americas and vice versa.

Transatlantic Sailing

It dramatically increased interest once Columbus ran into these two giant continents, the English and the French and the Dutch, all of these began sponsoring explorers to sail west to find this sea route to Asia.

Encomienda system

A coercive labor system that the Spanish used to compel indigenous people to work their plantations.

Mita system

Under this Spanish Mita, villages were compelled to send young men to work in dangerous silver mines.

Joint-stock company

A Dutch, the English, the French, all of them developed joint-stock companies and which they allowed continued exploration and colonization with limited risks to investors.

Asante Empire

Some African kingdoms grew as a result of this contact with European merchants, like them, for example.

Maratha rebellion

In the Mughal Empire, in the. So in the Maratha Rebellion, a group of Hindu warriors called the Maratha rebelled against what they perceived as an invasion of their beliefs.

Castasystem

A new social hierarchy system that the Spanish basically imposed in the Americas that organized society based on ancestry and race.

Enlightenment

This was a European movement that shifted the locus of knowledge from belief, like religious belief, to empirical data and observation.

Nationalism

A people's sense of belonging to each other, and that's based on a common language, a common religion, common social customs, and a common state and territory.

Women's suffrage

Movements in the Enlightenment era for seeking equal rights for women, especially the right of women to vote.

Abolitionism

Movements in the Enlightenment era aiming to end slavery.

Declaration of Independence

The Revolutionary and Enlightment ideals in one of the most significant documents of that revolution.

Industrial Revolution

A change in how stuff was made for sale.

Karl Marx

He believed that capitalism and its entrenched class structure was basically, ruining the absolute world.

Trans-Siberian Railroad

The construction of the knitting the culture and economy of that state together in Russia.

Unilever Corporation

A transnational corporations that operate across national boundaries focusing on household goods.