Chapter 12 - Synovial Fluid

Specimens

________ may be first examined under low and high power using a regular light microscope with Wright stains, however this should not replace the use of polarized microscopy.

Fluid

________ must be examined prior to WBC disintegration as some crystals are found intracellularly.

Neutrophil

________ with dark cytoplasmic granules containing immune complexes.

amount of hyaluronate

To measure the ________ polymerization, a Ropes or mucin clot test is performed.

syringes

To prevent clotting, ________ are moistened with heparin anticoagulants.

Pseudogout

________ refers to cartilage calcification from degenerative arthritis or endocrine disorders that increase serum calcium.

Normal synovial fluid

________ does not clot; however, fluid from a diseased joint may contain fibrinogen and will clot.

Arthritis

________ is a frequent complication of Lyme disease, so demonstration of antibodies to the causative agent Borrelia burgdorferi confirms it.

the same

Synovial fluid is chemically an ultrafiltrate of plasma, chemistry test values are approximately ________ as serum values.

Gram stains

Both ________ and cell cultures are as organisms are often missed on Gram stain.

Synovial fluid

________ is a viscous liquid found in the cavities of the movable joints (diarthroses).

hyaluronic acid

The viscosity of synovial fluid is due to ________.

heparin

To prevent clotting, syringes are moistened with ________.

crystals

Milky synovial fluid indicates the presence of ________.

bacterial infection

Synovial fluid with a greenish tinge indicates ________.

to form a string from the tip of a syringe

The simplest method to measure viscosity is to observe the ability of the fluid ________.

normal

The clinical significance of monocytes and synovial lining cells in the synovial fluid is ________.

renal dialysis

The clinical significance of calcium oxalate in the synovial fluid is ________.

inflammatory or septic disorders

Markedly increased glucose is indicative of ________.