AP Euro Topic 3.2 English Civ War/Glorious Rev Terms and Names (Amsco Bolded)

3.2 - Eng. Civil War/Glorious Revolution

English Civil War

English Civil War

a conflict, lasting from 1642 to 1649, in which Puritan supporters of Parliament battled supporters of England's monarchy

Absolute Monarchy

A government in which the king or queen has TOTAL control over the country's institutions.

James I

Stuart monarch who ignored constitutional principles and asserted the divine right of kings.

Charles I

Stuart king who brought conflict with Parliament to a head and was subsequently executed.

Parliamentarians

Supporters of Parliament, who fought the Royalists during the English Civil War.

Royalists

supporters of the king during the English Civil War (synonym of Cavalier)

Roundheads

Mocking term for supporters of the Parliament in the English Civil War (because of their hair cuts)

Cavaliers

a supporter of King Charles I in the English Civil War (synonym of Royalist)

Oliver Cromwell

English military, political, and religious figure who led the Parliamentarian victory in the English Civil War and called for the execution of Charles I. As lord protector of England he ruled as a virtual dictator.

Restoration

the period of Charles II's rule over England, after the collapse of Oliver Cromwell's government

Charles II

Known as the "Merry Monarch" he was the king restored to power after the collapse of Oliver Cromwell's dictatorship in England.

James II

Catholic king of England who greatly angered Parliament nobles and whose actions led to the Glorious Revolution

interregnum

meaning period between reigns, many English use this term to refer to Oliver Cromwell's time in power as a way of showing disapproval for Cromwell.

William and Mary

Became King and Queen of England in 1688 as part of the Glorious Revolution.

Glorious Revolution

A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange without the use of violence.

Long Parliament

(1640 - 1660) English Parliament which met off and on for twenty years due to religious and civil problems. Occurs during the English Civil War.

Rump Parliament

The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.

English Bill of Rights

1689 laws protecting the rights of English subjects and Parliament

Parliamentary Sovereignty

Belief that Parliament is supreme in all matters, rather than the monarch.

Constitutional Monarchy

A system of governing in which the monarch's power is limited by law.

Divine Right of Kings

the belief that kings receive their power from God and are responsible only to God

Habeas Corpus

Agreed to by Charles II, this is the right of people to be brought before a judge when accused of a crime.