Paleoanthropology and Lactase Persistence

A set of flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to paleoanthropology, lactase persistence, and adaptations in human evolution.

Homo erectus

An extinct species of hominin known for its upright posture and larger brain size compared to earlier human ancestors.

Lactase persistence

The continued production of lactase, the enzyme that breaks down lactose, into adulthood, allowing for the digestion of milk.

Paleo species

Extinct species known from fossil evidence, such as Ardipithecus ramidus and Australopithecus.

Ardipithecus ramidus

A genus of hominin that lived approximately 4.4 million years ago, often cited in debates about human evolution.

Balanced polymorphism

A situation where two or more phenotypes are maintained in a population because heterozygotes have a selective advantage.

Founder effect

Reduced genetic diversity that results when a population is established by a small number of individuals.

Gene-culture coevolution

The interplay between genetic evolution and cultural practices that can influence each other.

Aberrant lactase production

A deviation from typical lactase enzyme production patterns, often resulting in lactose intolerance in adulthood.

Melanin

A pigment responsible for the coloration of skin, hair, and eyes, providing protection against ultraviolet radiation.

Eumelanin

A type of melanin that produces brown and black hues in skin and hair.

Folate

A B vitamin essential for normal embryonic development and healthy sperm production, sensitive to UV damage.

MC1R gene

A gene associated with the regulation of melanin production, influencing skin pigmentation.

Lactose intolerance

The inability to digest lactose, resulting in symptoms like gas, cramps, and diarrhea upon consumption of dairy products.