Chapter 8 _ Lecture 1

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16 Terms

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Mendelian genetics
A form of genetics based on the principles discovered by Gregor Mendel, particularly related to inheritance patterns.
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Genetics
The study of inherited characteristics and the genes that affect those traits.
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Phenotype
The display of a particular version of a genetic trait in a specific individual.
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Allele
A variant form of a gene that results in different traits.
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Diploid Cells
Cells that contain two copies of each type of chromosome, making a total of 46 chromosomes in humans.
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Homozygous
An individual with two identical alleles for a specific gene.
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Heterozygous
An individual with two different alleles for a specific gene.
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Dominant Allele
An allele that exerts a controlling influence on the phenotype in a heterozygote.
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Recessive Allele
An allele that has no effect on the phenotype when paired with a dominant allele.
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Monohybrid Cross
A genetic cross that tracks the inheritance of a single trait.
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Law of Segregation
Mendel's principle that two copies of a gene separate into different gametes during meiosis.
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Mutation
A change in the DNA sequence of a gene that can create new alleles.
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P generation
The parental generation in a genetic cross.
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F1 generation
The first generation of offspring produced by a cross between two parental individuals.
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F2 generation
The second generation of offspring produced by crossing two F1 individuals.
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Punnett Square
A diagram used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment.