Chapter 8 _ Lecture 1

Mendelian genetics

A form of genetics based on the principles discovered by Gregor Mendel, particularly related to inheritance patterns.

Genetics

The study of inherited characteristics and the genes that affect those traits.

Phenotype

The display of a particular version of a genetic trait in a specific individual.

Allele

A variant form of a gene that results in different traits.

Diploid Cells

Cells that contain two copies of each type of chromosome, making a total of 46 chromosomes in humans.

Homozygous

An individual with two identical alleles for a specific gene.

Heterozygous

An individual with two different alleles for a specific gene.

Dominant Allele

An allele that exerts a controlling influence on the phenotype in a heterozygote.

Recessive Allele

An allele that has no effect on the phenotype when paired with a dominant allele.

Monohybrid Cross

A genetic cross that tracks the inheritance of a single trait.

Law of Segregation

Mendel's principle that two copies of a gene separate into different gametes during meiosis.

Mutation

A change in the DNA sequence of a gene that can create new alleles.

P generation

The parental generation in a genetic cross.

F1 generation

The first generation of offspring produced by a cross between two parental individuals.

F2 generation

The second generation of offspring produced by crossing two F1 individuals.

Punnett Square

A diagram used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment.