Use commas to separate independent clauses when they are joined by any of these seven coordinating conjunctions: and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet.
Yesterday was her brother's birthday, so she took him out to dinner.
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Use commas to separate independent clauses when they are joined by any of these seven coordinating conjunctions: and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet.
The student explained her question, yet the instructor still didn't seem to understand.
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Use commas after introductory a) clauses, b) phrases, or c) words that come before the main clause.
While I was eating, the cat scratched at the door.
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Use commas after introductory a) clauses, b) phrases, or c) words that come before the main clause.
Yes, the package should arrive tomorrow morning.
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Use commas after introductory a) clauses, b) phrases, or c) words that come before the main clause.
Because her alarm clock was broken, she was late for class.
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Use commas after introductory a) clauses, b) phrases, or c) words that come before the main clause.
To get a seat, you'd better come early.
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Use a pair of commas in the middle of a sentence to set off clauses, phrases, and words that are not essential to the meaning of the sentence. An appositive are phrases, set off by commas, that modify the noun directly before it.
Fred, who often cheats, is just harming himself.
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Use a pair of commas in the middle of a sentence to set off clauses, phrases, and words that are not essential to the meaning of the sentence. An appositive are phrases, set off by commas, that modify the noun directly before it.
Apples, which are my favorite fruit, are the main ingredient in this recipe.
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Use a pair of commas in the middle of a sentence to set off clauses, phrases, and words that are not essential to the meaning of the sentence. An appositive are phrases, set off by commas, that modify the noun directly before it.
Professor Benson, grinning from ear to ear, announced that the exam would be tomorrow.
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Use commas to separate three or more words, phrases, or clauses written in a series.
The Constitution establishes the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government.
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Use commas to separate three or more words, phrases, or clauses written in a series.
The candidate promised to lower taxes, protect the environment, reduce crime, and end unemployment.
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Use commas to separate three or more words, phrases, or clauses written in a series.
The prosecutor argued that the defendant, who was at the scene of the crime, who had a strong revenge motive, and who had access to the murder weapon, was guilty of homicide.
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Use commas to separate two or more coordinate adjectives that describe the same noun.
He was a difficult, stubborn child.
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Use commas to separate two or more coordinate adjectives that describe the same noun.
Your cousin has an easy, happy smile.
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Use commas to separate two or more coordinate adjectives that describe the same noun.
She often wore a gray wool shawl.
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Use a comma to shift between the main discourse and a quotation.
John said without emotion, "I'll see you tomorrow."
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Use a comma to shift between the main discourse and a quotation.
"I was able," she answered, "to complete the assignment."
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Use a comma to shift between the main discourse and a quotation.
In 1848, Marx wrote, "Workers of the world, unite!"
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You can use a semi-colon to join two independent clauses. Joining two independent clauses this way implies that the two clauses are related and/or equal.
I am going to visit Anna in St. Louis next weekend; we'll get to see the Arch, Busch Stadium, and the Landing.
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You can use a semi-colon to join two independent clauses. Joining two independent clauses this way implies that the two clauses are related and/or equal.
It rained heavily during the afternoon; we managed to have our picnic anyway.
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Use semi-colons between items in a list that already involve commas.
I have lived in Chicago, Illinois; Kansas City, Missouri; and Omaha, Nebraska.
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Use semi-colons between items in a list that already involve commas.
The sweaters I bought today were purple, blue, and green; yellow, white, and red; and pink, black, and grey.
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You can use a semi-colon to join two independent clauses. Joining two independent clauses this way implies that the two clauses are related and/or equal.
They couldn't make it to the summit and back before dark; they decided to camp for the night.
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You can also use a semicolon when you join two independent clauses together with one of the following conjunctive adverbs (adverbs that join independent clauses): however, moreover, therefore, consequently, otherwise, nevertheless, thus, etc.
I am going home; moreover, I intend to stay there.
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You can also use a semicolon when you join two independent clauses together with one of the following conjunctive adverbs (adverbs that join independent clauses): however, moreover, therefore, consequently, otherwise, nevertheless, thus, etc.
It rained heavily during the afternoon; however, we managed to have our picnic anyway.
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You can also use a semicolon when you join two independent clauses together with one of the following conjunctive adverbs (adverbs that join independent clauses): however, moreover, therefore, consequently, otherwise, nevertheless, thus, etc.
They couldn't make it to the summit and back before dark; therefore, they decided to camp for the night.
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How would you fix this sentence?
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Johnny Depp my favorite actor is in this movie.
Johnny Depp, my favorite actor, is in this movie.
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How would you fix this sentence?
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Anthony's favorite television programs are Sponge Bob House Hunters and Go Diego Go.
Anthony's favorite television programs and Sponge Bob, House Hunters, and Go Diego Go.
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How would you fix this sentence?
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The movie I thought started at 7:45.
The movie; I thought started at 7:45.
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How would you fix this sentence?
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Our coach prefers a passionate dedicated player to a talented lazy player.
Our coach prefers a passionate, dedicated player to a talented, lazy player.
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How would you fix this sentence?
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The best production facilities are in Atlanta Georgia Boston Massachusetts and Phoenix Arizona.
The best production facilities are in Atlanta, Georgia; Boston, Massachusetts; and Phoenix, Arizona.
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How would you fix this sentence?
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I have to finish my homework feed the dog and go to Joseph's house tonight.
I have to finish my homework, feed the dog, and go to Joseph's house tonight.
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How would you fix this sentence?
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We danced talked and laughed all evening long.
We danced, talked, and laughed all evening long.
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How would you fix this sentence?
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Susan Ling my piano teacher lives in Brentwood Tennessee.
Susan Ling, my piano teacher, lives in Brentwood, Tennessee.
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How would you fix this sentence?
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From the ceiling in the kitchen we hung colorful lights
From the ceiling in the kitchen; we hung colorful lights.
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(don't forget the period!)
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How would you fix this sentence?
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Kate swims well so everyone wants her for team captain.
Kate swims well, so everyone wanted her for team captain.
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compound sentence
Yesterday was her brother's birthday, so she took him out to dinner.
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compound sentence
The student explained her question, yet the instructor still didn't seem to understand.
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introductory clause
While I was eating, the cat scratched at the door.
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introductory word
Yes, the package should arrive tomorrow morning.
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introductory clause
Because her alarm clock was broken, she was late for class.
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introductory phrase
To get a seat, you'd better come early.
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non-essential phrase
Fred, who often cheats, is just harming himself.
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non-essential phrase
Apples, which are my favorite fruit, are the main ingredient in this recipe.
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non-essential phrase
Professor Benson, grinning from ear to ear, announced that the exam would be tomorrow.
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commas in a series
The Constitution establishes the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government.
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commas in a series
The candidate promised to lower taxes, protect the environment, reduce crime, and end unemployment.
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commas in a series
The prosecutor argued that the defendant, who was at the scene of the crime, who had a strong revenge motive, and who had access to the murder weapon, was guilty of homicide.
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adjectives
He was a difficult, stubborn child.
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adjectives
Your cousin has an easy, happy smile.
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adjectives
She often wore a gray wool shawl.
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dialogue
John said without emotion, "I'll see you tomorrow."
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dialogue
"I was able," she answered, "to complete the assignment."
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dialogue
In 1848, Marx wrote, "Workers of the world, unite!"
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semi-colon
I am going to visit Anna in St. Louis next weekend; we'll get to see the Arch, Busch Stadium, and the Landing.
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semi-colon
It rained heavily during the afternoon; we managed to have our picnic anyway.
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semi-colon
They couldn't make it to the summit and back before dark; they decided to camp for the night.
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conjunctive adverb
I am going home; moreover, I intend to stay there.
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conjunctive adverb
It rained heavily during the afternoon; however, we managed to have our picnic anyway.
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conjunctive adverb
They couldn't make it to the summit and back before dark; therefore, they decided to camp for the night.
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dependent clause at the end
I went to the store after I finished the movie.
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dependent clause at the end
The students worked on the grammar practice even though they didn't want to.
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dependent clause at the end
The students were happy when they finished their research paper
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essential phrase
The girl that finished her homework first is listening to music.
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essential phrase
The author Ray Bradbury uses figurative language on every page of Fahrenheit 451.
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essential phrase
The rats are nesting in the closet where Grandma hides her money.
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Use commas
to set off introductory elements
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Use a comma after any word, phrase, or clause
that precedes the subject of the sentence
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Fix the sentence: In the movie Harry Potter Harry is pushed to his limit.
In the movie Harry Potter, Harry is pushed to his limit.
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Fix the sentence: Since I got up late this morning I decided to forgo my usual breakfast.
Since I got up late this morning, I decided to forgo my usual breakfast.
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Use a comma
to seperate clauses in compound sentences
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Coordinating conjunctions
and, but, or, nor, for, so, or yet
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A comma precedes a coordinating conjunction
that joins two independent clauses in a compound sentence
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Fix the sentence: The climbers must reach the summit today or they will have to turn back around.
The climbers must reach the summit, or they will have to turn back around.
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Use a comma to set off
nonrestrictive elements
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Nonrestrictive elements
clauses, phrases, and words that don't limit the meaning of the words they modify
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Fix the sentence: The two kids involved in the incident who have been found guilty of cheating should be on academic probation or even expelled.
The two kids involved in the incident, who have been found guilty of cheating, should be on academic probation or even expelled.
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Use commas to seperate
items in a series
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Fix the setence: All the cafeteria's vegetables - broccoli green beans peas and carrots - were cooked to a gray mush.
Fix the sentence: All the cafeteria's vegetables - broccoli, green beans, peas, and carrots - were cooked to a gray mush.
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Use commas to break apart
contrasting elements, interjections, direct address, and tag questions
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Fix the sentence: I asked you not your brother to sweep the porch.
I asked you, not your brother, to sweep the porch.
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Fix the sentence: On Wednesday November 26th 2008 my sister was born.
On Wednesday, November 26th, 2008, my sister was born.
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Use a semicolon in place of a period to seperate
two closely related sentences not joined with a coordinating conjunction
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Fix the sentence: Call me tomorrow. I will give you the answer then.
Call me tomorrow; I will give you the answer then.
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Use a semicolon between
independant clauses linked with a transitional expression
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transitional expressions
however, also, instead, similarly, in fact, therefore, as a result, for example, in addition
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Fix the sentence: Many corals grow very gradually, in fact, the creation of a coral reef can take centuries.
Many corals grow very gradually; in fact, the creation of a coral reef can take centuries.
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Fix the sentence: I have paid my dues, therefore, I expect to receive all of the privileges listed in the contract.
I have paid my dues; therefore, I expect to receive all of the privileges listed in the contract.
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Use the semicolon to seperate
units of a series when one or more of the units contain commas
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Flashcard (249)