BT - Masonry

Masonry

Building with units of various natural or manufactured products such as stone, brick or concrete block, usually with mortar as a bonding agent.

Bed

The underside of a brick or other masonry unit

Course

A continous, usually horizontal range of bricks, tiles or shingles as in a wall or a roof.

Range

A continous course of masnry units having the same height from end to end.

Bond

An arrangement of masonry units to provide strength and stability

Closer

The last masonry unit laid in a course.

Facing

an ornamental or protective layer, such as the outer wythe of a masonry wall

Backing

Something that forms the back or provides support.

Wythe

A continuous vertical section of a masonry wall one unit in thickness

Quoin

An exterior angle of a masonry wall, or one of the stones or bricks forming such an angle, usually differentiated from adjoining surfaces by material texture, color, size or projection.

Soffit Block

A concrete masonry unit used in concrete floor or roof construction where the soffit of a concrete beam is concealed by a face shell of the unit.

Cavity Wall

A masonry wall having a facing and backing completely separated except for metal ties and enclosing an inner space serving to prevent penetration by water.

Lewis

A device for lifting a dressed stone or precast concrete panel consisting of a number of pieces fitting together to fill a dovetailed recess cut into the stone panel.

Tie

Any of various metal devices for holding two parts of a construction together as the wythes of a masonry wall.

Veneer

A nonstructural facing of masonry attached to a backing

Mortar

A plastic mixture of lime or cement or a combination of both. with sand and water used as a bonding agent in masonry construction.

Cement Mortar

A mortar made by mixing Portland cement, sand and water.

Masonry Cement

A proprietary mix of portland cement and other ingredients, such as hydrated lime, plasticizers, air-entraining agents and gypsum requiring only the addition of sand and water to make cement mortar.

Type M, N, S, O, K

Types of Cement Mortar

Type M

A high strength mortar recommended for use in reinforced masonry below grade or in contact with the Earth

Type N

A medium strength mortar recommended for GENERAL USE in exposed masonry ABOVE GRADE where HIGH COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH are NOT REQUIRED

Type S

A medium-high strength mortar recommended for use in masonry where bond and lateral strength are more important than compressive strength. Structural Walls

Type O

A low strength Mortar suitable for use in interior non load bearing walls and partitions

Type K

A very low strength mortar suitable for use in interior non load bearing walls.

Grout

A fluid cement mortar that will flow easily without segregation of the ingredients used to fill narrow cavities in masonry and consolidate the adjoining materials into a solid mass.

Modular Brick

A brick having nominal dimensions of 4x2 2/3 x 8 in. (102 x 68 x 203mm)

Norman Brick

A brick having nominal dimensions of 4 x 2 2/3 x 12 in. (102 x 68 x 305mm)

SCR Brick

Brick having nominal dimensions of 6 x 2⅔ x 12 in. (102 x 68 x 305 mm). SCR stands for structural clay research and is a trademark of the Brick Institute of America.

Engineered brick

A brick having nominal dimensions of 4 x 3 1/5 x 8 in. (102 x 81 x 203mm).

Norweigan Brick

A brick having nominal dimensions of 4 x 3 1/5 x 12 in (102 x 81 x 305mm)

Roman Brick

Brick having nominal dimensions of 4 x 2 x 12in.(102 x 51 x 305mm)

Economy Brick

A modular brick having nominal dimensions of 4 x 4 x 8 in. (102 x 102 x 203mm)

Running Bond

A brickwork or masonry bond composed of overlapping stretchers.

1/3 Running Bond

Strongest Brick Bond

Common Bond

A brickwork bond having a course headers between every five or six courses of stretchers.

Stack Bond

A brickwork or masonry bond having successive courses of stretchers with all head joints aligned vertically.

Flemish Bond

A brickwork bond having alternating headers and stretchers in each course,each header being centered above and below a stretcher.

Flemish Cross Bond

A modified flemish bond having courses of alternate headers and stretchers alternating with stretching

Flemish Diagonal Bond

A form of flemish cross bond in which the courses are offset to form a diamond pattern.

Garden wall bond

A brickwork bond for lightly loaded boundary walls, having a sequence of a header and three stretchers in each course, with each header being centered over a header in alternate courses.

Stretcher

A brick or other masonry unit laid horizontally in a wall with the longer edge exposed or parallel to the surface.

Header

A brick or other masonry unit laid horizontally in a wall with the shorter end exposed or parallel to the surface.

Soldier

A brick laid vertically with the longer face edge exposed.

Rowlock

A brick laid horizontally on the longer edge with the shorter end exposed. aka ROLLOCK

Shiner

A brick laid horizontally on the longer edge with the broad face exposed. aka BULL STRETCHER

Sailor

A brick laid vertically with the broad face exposed.

Concrete Masonry Unit

A precast masonry unit of portland cement, fine aggregate, and water, molded into various shapes.

Hollow Unit Masonry

A wall constructed of hollow masonry units laid and set with mortar, with adjacent wythes bonded by masonry headers or metal ties.

Concrete Block

A hollow or solid concrete masonry unit, often incorrectly referred to as cement block.

Rubble

Rough Fragments of broken Stone

Stretcher Block

A concrete masonry unit having nominal dimensions of 8x8x16in (203x203x406mm)

Partition Block

a concrete masonry unit used in constructing non-load-bearing walls, usually having a nominal thickness of 4 or 6 in. (102 or 152 mm)

Bullnose Block

A concrete masonry unit having one or more rounded exterior corners.

Corner Block

A concrete masonry unit having a solid end face and used in constructing the end or corner of a wall.

Return Corner Block

A concrete masonry unit used at the corners of walls to maintain horizontal coursing with the appearance of full and half-length units.

Double Corner Block

A concrete masonry unit having solid faces at both ends and used in constructing a masonry pier.

Pilaster Block

Any of the various concrete masonry unit used in constructing a plain or reinforced masonry pilaster.

Coping Block

A solid concrete masonry unit used in constructing the top or finishing course of a masonry wall.

Sash Block

A concrete masonry unit having an end slot or rabbet to recieve the jamb of a door or window frame. Also called jamb block.

Sill Block

A solid concrete masonry unit having a wash to shed rainwater from the sill.

Cap Block

A concrete masonry unit having solid top for use as a bearing surface in the finishing course of a foundation wall. Also called solid-top block.

Control Joint Block

Any of various concrete masonry units used in constructing a vertical control joint.

Bond Beam Block

A concrete masonry unit used in constructing a bond beam, having a depressed section in which reinforcing steel can be placed for embedment in grout.

Open End Block

A concrete masonry unit having one end open in which vertical steel reinforcement can be placed for embedment in grout.

Lintel Block

A concrete masonry unit used in constructing a lintel or bond beam, having a U-shaped section in which reinforcing steel can be placed for embedment in grout.

Header Block

A concrete masonry unit having a portion of one face shell removed to receive headers in a bonded masonry wall

Sound Absorbing Masonry Unit

A concrete masonry unit having a solid top and a slotted face shell, and sometimes a fibrous filler, for increased sound absorption.

Slump Block

A concrete masonry unit having an irregular face and surface texture caused by the settlement of a wet mix during curing.

Split-Face Block

A concrete masonry unit, split lengthwise by a machine after curing to produce a rough, fractured face texture.

Faced Block

A concrete masonry unit having a special ceramic, glazed, or polished face.

Scored Block

Any of various concrete masonry units having one or more vertical grooves which simulate raked joints.

Shadow Block

Any of various concrete masonry units having a face shell with a pattern of beveled recesses.

Screen Block

A concrete masonry unit used especially in tropical architecture, having a decorative pattern of transverse openings for admitting air and excluding sunlight.

Concrete Brick

a solid rectangular concrete masonry unit, usually not larger than 4 x 4 x 12 in. (102 x 102 x 305 mm)

Sand Lime Brick

A hard, light-colored brick made by molding a mixture of damp sand and slaked lime under high pressure and curing in a steam oven.

Louvre Block

A masonry unit with a louvred face

Random, Coursed, Squared, Cyclopean

Types of Rough Stone Rubble

Random Rubble

A rubble wall having discontinuous but approximately level beds or courses.

Coursed Rubble

rubble laid with distinct coursing

Squared Rubble

A rubble wall built of squared stones varying sizes and courses coursed at every third or fourth stone.

Cyclopean

Formed with large, irregular blocks of stones fitted closely together without the use of mortar.

Ashlar

a squared building stone

Building Stone

any stone suitable for use in building construction

Rock

Solid mineral matter, naturally formed by the action of heat or water and occuring in fragments or large masses

Stone

Rock or a piece of rock quarried and worked into a specific size and shape for a particular purpose

Igneous Rock

is formed through the cooling of magma

Metamorphic Rock

Rock that forms when sedimentary rock, igneous rock, or other metamorphic rock is subjected to high temperature and pressure.

Sedimentary Rock

Rock formed by the deposition of sediment by glacial action, as limestone, sandstone and shale

Rubble

Consists of rough fragments of broken stone that have at least one good face for exposure in a wall

Dimension Stone

is quarried and squared stone 2' (610) or more in length and width and of specified thickness used commonly for wall panels, cornices, copings, lintels and flooring

Flagstone

refers to flat stone slabs used for flooring and horizontal surfacing

Crushed Stone

Used as aggregate for concrete, asphaltic concrete, terrazzo, built-up roof surfacing, etc., as well as granular fill

Argillite

formed from clay, dark blue with faint shades of green.

Granite

igneous origin, hard, strong, durable and capable of taking high pressure polish. Red, pink, yellow, green, blue, white and brown.

Limestone

Sedimentary rock like dolomite, no cleavage lines, low in absorption, smooth, uniform in structure and composition. High compressive and tensile strength

Travertine

sedimentary rock, pleasing texture with small natural pockets on a cut surface

Marble

metamorphic rock, a recrystallized limestone forming into carrara parian, onyx and vermont. Used in flooring, Wall and Column facing.

Serpentine

Typically olive green to greenish black but impurities may color the rock. Used only in interiors due to weathering.

Sandstone

class of rock of cemented silica grains with texture ranging from very fine to very course. Color vary from buff, red and light brown. Porous where as 30% of volume composed of pores.

Slate Rock

metamorphosis of clays and shale's deposited in layers. May be separated into thin, tough sheets called slates. Colors are black, green red, grey, or purple.