Psychology Final

intro to psychology final exam MCC Gibson

Motivation

________- process that initiates, sustains, directs, and activates someone to do something.

Stanley Milgrams

________ experiment- electric shock obedience test; concluded that people obey either out of fear or out of a desire to appear cooperative, even when acting against their own better judgement and desires.

Psychotherapy

________- treatment techniques that aim to help a person identify and change troubling emotions, thoughts, and behavior.

Catatonic state

________- disorder that disrupts a person's awareness of the world around them.

Systematic desensitization

________- attained by gradually approaching a feared stimulus while maintaining relaxation.

Accommodation

________- the process by which people alter their existing schemas or create new schemas as a result of new learning.

Social psychology

________- the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.

Intelligence

________- the global capacity to think purposefully, rationally, and effectively deal with the environment.

Personality

________ trait- the things or mannerisms that reflect peoples characteristic patters of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Lewis Terman

________- developed one of the most widely used psychological assessments in the world (Stanford- Binet revision of 1916)

Bulimia

________- normal or above normal weight, binge eating and then feeling bad for it and throwing it all up, can cause tooth erosion, holes in the throat, hair loss, and heart problems.

BF Skinner

________- enforced ideas of positive reinforcement, extinction, negative reinforcement, punishment, time out, and shaping in therapy.

Assimilation

________- cognitive process in which we take new information and experiences and incorporate them into our pre- existing ideas or viewpoint.

Aggression

________- any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionally.

Independent

________- the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.

Edward Titchener

________- studied under Wilhelm Wundt; created structuralism.

Discrimination

________- unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members.

Somnambulist

________- someone who subconsciously walks in their sleep.

Anorexia

________- eating disorder where they starve themselves and have a fear of gaining weight of becoming fat, hair falls out, organs may shut down, mensural cycle ends.

Psychoanalysis

________- Freudian therapy that uses the emphasis of free association, dream analysis, analysis of resistance, and analysis of transference.

REM

________-"rapid eye movement; "associated with dreaming, the brain is so active during this that it appears as if the person is awake.

nervous system

Autonomic ________- serve the internal organs and glands of the body, heart rate, digestion, perspiration.

Ego

________- compromiser, reality of situations, rationality.

Bystander

________ apathy- the idea that peoples willingness to lend help decreases when others are around.

Phillipe Pinel

________- in 1973 he changed the treatment process for the mentally ill, and began the process of humane treatment of patients.

Schizophrenia

________- psychotic disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, apathy, thinking abnormalities, and split between thoughts and emotions.

Hypnic jerk

________- a muscle twitch in stage one of sleep.

Electroconvulsive therapy

________ (ECT)- 150 volt electrical current is passed through the brain, causes the patient to lose consciousness for a short period of time.

experimental factor

Dependent variable- the ________ that is being measured.

Pavlovs

________ experiment- experiment on dogs where he (Somnambulist) rang a bell shortly before presenting food to the dogs; this measured the function of the brain of higher animals in their adaption to the external environment.

Wilhelm Wundt

________- German psychologist who founded psychology as a formal science; opened the first psychology research lab in 1879;"Father of Psychology.

Solomon Aschs

________ experiment- a conformity experiment where the participants judged lines to see which was the longest and the test subjects were pressured to change their answers based upon the answers of everyone else in the group; results showed that the participants would sometimes provide answers they knew to be untrue if it avoided going against the majority of the group (the urge to conform outweighed the desire to provide the correct answer)

ERGOT

________- fungus found in wheat that made people hallucinate when they ate it.

Hans Seyles General Adaptation Syndrome

________- an experiment that proved that the body responds the same way to any stress a. G.A.S.

cerebral hemispheres

Corpus collusum- section of the brain that connects the ________.

Delusions

________- false beliefs that psychotic individuals insist are true, regardless of overwhelming evidence against them.

Health psychology

________- study of ways in which behavioral principles can be used to prevent illness and promote health.

Positive correlation

________- a relationship between two variables in which both variables either increase or decrease together.

Obsessive compulsive

________ disorder- extreme preoccupation with certain thoughts and compulsive performance of certain behaviors.

Hallucinations

________- imaginary sensations, such as seeing, hearing, or smelling things that do not exist in the real world.

Social stereotype

________- oversimplified images of the traits of individuals who belong to a particular social group.

Stanford Binet IQ test

I Q quotient- level of mental age based on a score from the ________.

Dissociative disorder

________- temporary amnesia, multiple personality, or depersonalization disorders.

Negative correlation

________- as one variable increases, the other decreases.

Variable ratio

________- a schedule of reinforcement where a behavior is reinforced after a random number of responses.

memory

Learning ________- being able to learn things and remember them.

Psychology

________- the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Psychology

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Wilhelm Wundt

German psychologist who founded psychology as a formal science; opened the first psychology research lab in 1879; "Father of Psychology"

Humanistic psychology

a psychological perspective that emphasizes the study of the whole person

goals of psychology

observe, describe, explain, predict, control

aggression

any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionally

discrimination

unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

superordinate goal

higher-level goals taking priority over specific individual or group goals

central nervous system

nervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord

peripheral nervous system

nerve system that carries information from the central nervous system

hypnic jerk

a muscle twitch in stage one of sleep

learning memory

being able to learn things and remember them

procedural memory

the memory system in charge of the encoding, storage, and retrieval of the procedures that underlie motor or cognitive skills

electroconvulsive therapy(ECT)

150 volt electrical current is passed through the brain, causes the patient to lose consciousness for a short period of time

REM

"rapid eye movement"; associated with dreaming, the brain is so active during this that it appears as if the person is awake

systematic desensitization

attained by gradually approaching a feared stimulus while maintaining relaxation

health psychology

study of ways in which behavioral principles can be used to prevent illness and promote health

Psychotherapy

treatment techniques that aim to help a person identify and change troubling emotions, thoughts, and behavior

psychoanalysis

Freudian therapy that uses the emphasis of free association, dream analysis, analysis of resistance, and analysis of transference

catatonic state

disorder that disrupts a person's awareness of the world around them

assimilation

cognitive process in which we take new information and experiences and incorporate them into our pre-existing ideas or viewpoint

Accommodation

the process by which people alter their existing schemas or create new schemas as a result of new learning

personality trait

the things or mannerisms that reflect peoples characteristic patters of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

ERGOT

fungus found in wheat that made people hallucinate when they ate it

Stanford Binet IQ test

widely used IQ test where items are age ranked and can used for ages 2-90, measures five cognitive factors

average IQ

100

Independent

the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied

dependent variable

the experimental factor that is being measured

positive correlation

a relationship between two variables in which both variables either increase or decrease together

negative correlation

as one variable increases, the other decreases

parts of a neuron

dendrite, soma, axon, axon terminal

lobes of brain

occipital, parietal, temporal, frontal

autonomic nervous system

serve the internal organs and glands of the body, heart rate, digestion, perspiration

corpus collusum

section of the brain that connects the cerebral hemispheres

somnambulist

someone who subconsciously walks in their sleep

Pavlovs experiment

experiment on dogs where he rang a bell shortly before presenting food to the dogs; this measured the function of the brain of higher animals in their adaption to the external environment

unconditioned stimulus

stimulus that leads to an automatic response

unconditioned response

response that is reflexive and involuntary in nature

conditioned stimulus

stimulus that can eventually trigger a conditioned response

conditioned response

an automatic response established by training to an ordinary neutral stimulus

fixed ratio

a schedule of reinforcement where a response is reinforce only after a specific number of responses

variable ratio

a schedule of reinforcement where a behavior is reinforced after a random number of responses

positive reinforcement

responses that are followed by a reward, increases probability that behavior will occur again

B.F. Skinner

enforced ideas of positive reinforcement, extinction, negative reinforcement, punishment, time out, and shaping in therapy

Long Term Memory

information that is meaningful is transferred here and can hold limitless amounts of information

Short Term Memory

holds small amounts of information for short periods of time

Chunking

information bits grouped into larger units

Alfred Binet

the guy who created the first IQ test in search of ways to help struggling children in school

Lewis Terman

developed one of the most widely used psychological assessments in the world (Stanford-Binet revision of 1916)

I Q quotient

level of mental age based on a score from the Stanford-Binet IQ test

Intelligence

the global capacity to think purposefully, rationally, and effectively deal with the environment

savant syndrome

intellectually disabled but can use calendar calculations, usually have specific random niche skills

motivation

process that initiates, sustains, directs, and activates someone to do something

Maslows hierarchy

From bottom to top of pyramid a. Physiological b