Plant Cells

Cellulose cell wall

Features:

• Rigid

• Cross-linking of carb cellulose

Functions:

• Supports & keeps shape

• Protection from pathogens

Permanent Vacuole

Features:

• Membrane bound sacs

• Membrane = tonoplast 

• Filled w. cell sap

Functions:

• Maintain turgor strength

• Tonoplast selectively permeable 

Chloroplasts

Features:

• Double membrane bound sac 

• Fluid enclosed = stroma 

• Inner membranes folded = thylakoids 

  • Many stacked = granum, each grana joined by lamellae

  • Contain chlorophyll pigments 

• Have own DNA

• Enzymes on membrane & in stroma

Function:

• Responsible for photosynthesis to produce glucose

Pits

Feature:

• Holes / Pores on side of xylem

Function:

• Allows water into & out of xylem

Plasmodesmata

Features:

• Tiny channel between cells

• Cytoplasmic bridge

Functions:

• Communication between cells

• Transport between neighbouring cells

• Defence

Amyloplast

Features:

• Double membrane 

• Store starch (amylase + glucose) 

Functions:

• Synthesis & storage of starch

• Membrane compartmentalise granule