Lesson 3: The Cardiovascular System Chapter 6: Disorders of the Blood System & Chapter 7: Testing and Treatment of the Blood System

blood disorders

conditions that impair the formation and function of red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets

iron-deficiency anemia

a condition characterized by a lack of sufficient iron

sickle cell disease

red blood cells change their shape from a standard disc shape to a crescent, or sickle, shape

pernicious anemia

a decrease in red blood cells that occurs when the intestines cannot properly absorb vitamin B12

leukimia

type of cancer in which the bone marrow produces abnormal white blood cells that don't function properly

sepsis

a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body has an overwhelming immune response to an infectious organism that has entered the bloodstream

leukopenia

decrease in number of disease fighting white blood cells circulating in blood

hemorrhage

loss of large amount of blood in shirt amount of time

complete blood count (CBC)

measures erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels and average size of erythrocytes

comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP)

measures 14 substances in the blood to provide information about body’s metabolism

basic metabolic panel (BMP)

measures 4 electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose and sometimes calcium in blood

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

measures the amount of urea nitrogen in blood

direct antiglobulin test

used to investigate a possible hemolytic transfusion reaction

coagulation panel

tests for suspected clotting disorders

blood gas analysis

measures amount oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood

blood glucose test

measures the level of simple sugar in blood 

erythrocyte sedimentation test

when elevated this indicates the presence of inflammation in the body

fibrinogen activity test

determines the level of fibrinogen in the blood to help find the cause of abnormal bleeding

lipid panel

determines average levels of cholesterol and triglycerides to assess the risk of developing cardiovascular disease

newborn screening test

tests for genetic, hormone-related and metabolic cinditions

total protein test

measures the proteins albumin and globulin in the blood

systole

active phase of contraction or pumping

diastole

short resting period

sphygmomanometer

records blood pressure

120/80

120= systolic (contraction) 80= diastolic(relaxation phase)

radial pulse

heartbeat can be counted by feeling for the pulsating arteries in wrist

5 types of white blood cells fall into 2 types

granulocyte and agranulocyte

granulocyte

contains granules in their cytoplasm; 3 types of cells

agranulocyte

doesn’t contain granules in cytoplasm; 2 types of cells

neutrophil

granulocyte; the most prevalent type of white blood cells, highly phagocytic

-phil

an attraction to

basophils

granulocyte

eosinophils

granulocyte

lymphocytes

agranulocyte; play a major role in our immune system and protect us against diseases

monocytes

agranulocyte; very phagocytic, their job is to clean up cellular debris following infection

phagocytic

cells that eat other cells