AP Euro Topic 2.5 Catholic Reformation Terms and Names (Amsco Bolded)

Catholic Reformation

Catholic Reformation

Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline.

Roman Inquisition

A religious committee of six Roman cardinals that tried heretics and punished the guilty by imprisonment and execution

Index of Prohibited Books

Books that supported Protestantism or that were overly critical of the Church were banned. Possession could be severely punished (even death)

Ignatius Loyola

Founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), resisted the spread of Protestantism, wrote Spiritual Exercises.

Jesuits

Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism.

Ursulines

groups of nuns that dedicated themselves to caring for the needy and educating young girls as a way to strengthen Catholicism.

Teresa of Avila

Carmelite nun who reformed Spanish convents and monasteries insisting on strict return to personal prayer and vows of poverty among the nuns.

Council of Trent

Called by Pope Paul III to reform the church and secure reconciliation with the Protestants (but failed to do both instead it mostly reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings.)

Carmelite Order

This order was revived by St. Teresa of Avila and her disciples who attempted to de-secularize the order and bring back intense devotional prayer and absolute vows of poverty.

Paul III

This was the Pope that called the Council of Trent

Simony

the buying and selling of church offices

Clerical Celibacy

The requirement that all members of the clergy remain unmarried and celibate (no hanky panky)