APUSH Unit 2

vocabulary

1607-1754

First permanent English settlement - beginning of French-Indian war and "beginning" of American revolution

Casta system

Social system that the Spanish implemented and that depended on race.

Mulatto

Half white, half black. Middle of social status. If mulatto was born into slavery they would stay a slave, but if mother was free the child would be free.

Métis

Half white, half native american

Great migration to Massachusetts, 1630-1640

Governor John Winthrop. Started with 700 people and in 10 years it brought 20,000 people. Mass migration of puritans from England.

Pilgrims

Known as separatists. Broke away from Church of England, looking for religious freedom, sailed in 1620 (mayflower). Established in Plinth, Massachusetts

• Puritans

English Protestants, came to new world for 2 things; "a community of saints" "a city upon a hill" model Christian community in new world.

Providence, Rhode Island, 1636

Founded by Roger Williams and colonists who left Massachusetts. Separation of church and state, wanted to allow for religious freedom

Pennsylvania, 1682

Founded by William Penn, who received a colonial charter from King Charles II. Penn established Pennsylvania as a haven for Quakers, guaranteeing liberty of conscience and granting freemen the right to alter the government.

Quakers

Settled in Pennsylvania; Protestants. Believed in "inner light" - religious truth; opposed slavery. Society of friends

Chesapeake

Term referring to settlements of Maryland and Virginia

• Jamestown, 1607

first permanent English colony in North America, founded by James Smith, established by London Company. They had a rough time finding food (referred to as "starving time").

John Rolfe

Jamestown colony leader who showed that tobacco could be grown successfully in Virginia. Virginia became very wealthy because of tabaco

• Indentured Servitude

First form of "slavery" in the new world. Peasants would go to wealthy people to pay for passage to new world and then they would work for 7 years.

Headright System

Middle class would recruiter sople and get land in new world.

Georgia, 1732

James Oglethorpe founded Georgia for debtors (criminals). Las of original colonies

mercantilism

Economic idea that a country wealth is measured by the amount of gold they own.

Triangular Trade

A trade where slaves were brought on African Gold Coast with New England rum, then traded in West Indies for sugar of molasses, which was taken back to New England to be made into rum.

Pequot War, 1637

Cause - struggle to control trade in New England.. in the end about 700 pequots had been killed or taken into captivity. Many were sold into slavery to colonists in Bermuda or West Indies

Beaver Wars, mid-1600s

A series of wars in the mid-1600s in which the Iroquois, who allied with the English and Dutch, fought the Algonquin tribes, who were backed by the French. The wars were fought over land and the monopolization of the fur trade.

Metocom's War (King Philip's War), 1675-1676

An armed conflict between American Indian inhabitants of New England. Marked the last major effort by the Indians of Southern New England to drive out the English settlers. Deadliest war in America killed thousands, ended when the chief died.

Pueblo Revolt, 1680

In Santa Fe. Aimed to reclaim pueblo religious practices, culture, and land taken from Spanish conquistadors . It was unsuccessful

Chickasaw wars, 1700s

War in the 1700s between the Chickasaw, allied with the British, against the French, who were allied with the Choctaw and Illini. The war was fought over land, primarily for control of the Mississippi River. Ended with the Treaty of Paris

First Africans brought to America, 1619

A Dutch ship brought 20 Africans to Virginia, the first Africans to arrive in the present-day United States.

• Chattel Slavery

Slavery (property)

Middle passage

A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

Stono Rebellion, 1739

South Carolina slave revolt that was a Dalit urge and resulted in the 13 colonies passing stricter slave laws (less freedom)

New York Conspiracy, 1741

A plot by slaves and poor whites to burn New York. Over 170 people were arrested for participating in the plot. Most were hanged, burnt, or deported.

House of Burgesses, 1619

The first elected lawmaking body in North America, established by the Virginia Company to allow representative government in Virginia.

Mayflower Compact, 1620

The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men that were separatists on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.

Maryland Toleration Act, 1649

A law passed by the Maryland colonial assembly mandating toleration for all Trinitarian Christian denominations. Maryland was founded as a haven for catholics

Establishment of the Dominion of New England, 1686

An attempt by King James II to place Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Jersey, and New York under the control of one royal governor. Colonists viewed the Dominion as an attempt to take away their rights and the Dominion was dissolved in 1689.

Established church

Church supported by taxes. Church of England is main belief in many colonies. It violates the idea of separation and church and state, and toleration

• Enlightenment/Age of Reason

refers to a period during the 17th and 18th centuries. John Locke was a key figure. It emphasized reason and logic

• Great Awakening, 1730s-1760s

Backlash to enlightenment. Religious revival, strengthened religious freedom and challenged church establishments

George Whitefield

Prominent voice in the great awakening. He toured colonies preaching his message; 1730s-1740s

Jonathan Edwards

Preacher during the First Great Awakening; "Sinners in the hands of angry god". Gave two big speeches in Northampton, Massachusetts and Enfield, Connecticut

Bacon's Rebellion, 1676

Armed rebellion in Virginia against Governor William Berkeley, who had the support of the British government. Resulted in more government control

Leisler's Rebellion, 1689

Against dominion of New England. Led by Jacob Leisler who refused to surrender and was executed

Wool Act, 1699

English law that made it illegal to sell wool to anyone besides New England. Hoped to help British textile

Molasses Act, 1733

A British law that established a tax on imports of molasses, sugar, and rum from non-British colonies. The law was loosely enforced and New England imported great quantities of West Indian sugar for manufacturing rum. Example of mercantilism

Smuggling

Way of ignoring Britain's restrictions on trade. If colonist was caught they were sent to jail then would go to trial which was run by colonists

Navigations Acts, 1651-1696

Acts passed over half a century. Attempt by England to assert control over trade, laws were regulated to satisfy crown

• Salutary Neglect

Unofficial policy where Britain didn't enforce trade laws, this caused colonists to be more independent.