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Alliteration
the repetition of the same sound at the start of a series of words in succession
Allusion
A brief, intentional reference to a historical, mythic, or literary person, place, event, or movement.
Ambiguity
A word, statement, or situation with two or more possible meanings
Anapest, Anapestic
unstressed, unstressed, stressed
Antithesis
Contrasting or combining two terms, phrases, or clauses with opposite meanings.
Approximate Rhyme
Sound similar but don’t actually rhyme
Assonance
the repetition of the vowel sound across words within the lines of the poem creating internal rhymes.
Aubade
a poem in praise of dawn
Audience
any listeners of the poet
intended reading audience of the poet
Ballad
Longer narrative poem that was written to be sung
Blank Verse
Non-rhyming lines of poetry that still follow a strict meter
Usually Iambic Pentameter
Caesura
Significant pause in the middle of a line of poetry
Carpe Diem
“seize the day”, seize the girl, time is short
Conceit
an elaborate and fanciful metaphor or analogy, or a witty and ingenious comparison between two things that do not naturally belong to each other
Consonance
Repetition of consonant sounds in a line of poetry
Couplet
two-line verse often joined by rhyme or meter
Dactyl, Dactylic
Stressed, Unstressed, Unstressed
Diction
Word Choice
Dimeter
2 feet
Dramatic Monologue
the writer takes on the voice of a character and speaks through them.
Elegy
Formal lament on the death of a person or on the passing of mankind and mankind’s things
End rhyme
Rhyme occurring at the end of a line
End-stopped line
Thought ends at the end of the line
English sonnet aka Shakespearean
sonnet with the rhyme scheme
abab cdcd efef gg
Enjambment
Thought extends from line to line
Extended metaphor
a version of metaphor that extends over the course of multiple lines, paragraphs, or stanzas of prose or poetry.
Feminine Rhyme
repetition of accented vowel sounds + weak beats
Foot
a unit of measure consisting of one stressed and one or more unstressed beats
free verse
no rhyme or meter
hexameter
6 feet
Hyberbole
over exaggeration
iamb, Iambic
Unstressed, Stressed
Implied metaphor
a type of metaphor that compares two things that are not alike without actually mentioning one of those things.
Internal Rhyme
Rhyme occurring in the middle of a line of poetry
Italian Sonnet aka Petrarchan
Rhyme Scheme:
abbabba cdcdcd
litotes
a form of understatement in which the speaker asserts something by negating the opposite
Masculine Rhyme
repetition on sound emphasis on the final beat
metaphor
a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.
meter
the pattern of unstressed and stressed syllables in the lines of poetry
Metonymy
use some associated object to represent a thing
Monometer
1 foot
narrative poem
poem that tells a story
Octave
8 line verse
ode
long lyric poem on a serious subject written in a elevated style
Onomatopoeia
A figure of speech in which the sound of a word imitates its sense
Oxymoron
A figure of speech that brings together contradictory words for effect
paradox
a seemingly self-contradictory phrase or concept that illuminates a truth
parallelism
phrases with grammatical symmetry
pentameter
5 feet
personification
human like qualities to something not capable of them
quatrain
4 line stanza
Rhyme Scheme
the pattern of sounds that repeats at the end of a line or stanza
Run-on-line
enjambed lines
Scansion
indicating the stressed and unstressed syllables in a line
sestet
6 line
simile
The subject of the poem is described by comparing it to another object or subject, using 'as' or 'like'
slant rhyme
sound similar but don’t actually rhyme
sonnet
14 Iambic pentameter lines following a strict rhyme scheme
Spondee, Spondaic
Stressed, Stressed
Stanza
A grouping of lines separated from others in a poem
Synecdoche
using part of the thing to represent the whole
tetrameter
4 feet
tone
attitude taken toward the subject ( or sometimes audience) by the speaker (or poet)
Trimeter
3 feet
trochee, trochaic
Stressed, Unstressed
Villanelle
19 lines
5 stanzas
first line is repeated as the last line of stanzas 2 and 4
Third line is repeated as the last line of stanzas 3 and 5
last two lines of the poem
aba
volta
“turn”, shift in idea, perspective, tone, etc
Note 
Flashcard (30)