KAND Lecture 1

Knowledge graphs

A set of methods and formalisms to express knowledge and data on the web, specifically using logic.

Knowledge representation

The process of organizing and structuring information or knowledge in a way that can be understood and used by machines or humans.

Information

Data that has been contextualized and can be understood and used in a meaningful way.

(Raw) data

Unprocessed or unorganized data in its original form.

Knowledge

Information that has been retained with an understanding about its significance.

Contextualization

The process of adding meaning and significance to data, making it more useful and understandable.

Explicit (formal) Knowledge

Knowledge that is written down in rules or formalisms.

Implicit (tacit) Knowledge

Knowledge that is in someone's head and is often based on experience and intuition.

Inferencing

The process of deriving new facts or meaning from existing data and knowledge.

Heterogeneous

Refers to knowledge graphs that have different shapes because they come from different sources.

Semantics

The meaning and knowledge that is made explicit in knowledge graphs.

Formal semantics

The part of knowledge graphs that focuses on the formal representation of meaning and knowledge.

Networks

The shape of knowledge graphs, where things are connected with lines.

World Wide Web

The basic infrastructure on which knowledge graphs are built, allowing information to be gathered from multiple places.

Databases

An alternative to knowledge graphs, where data is organized in tables with columns and rows.

Silos

Refers to the spread-out and differently shaped data sources that exist in different locations and formats.

Web of data

A concept introduced by Tim Berners-Lee to build a network of interconnected data on top of the Internet.

Tim Berners Lee

Inventor of the world wide web

Semantic web

The concept of adding meaning and context to web content to enable better understanding and utilization of data

Web of documents

The existing worldwide web that consists of interlinked hypertext documents

Linked data

Data sets that are connected or linked together from multiple sources.

Machine-readable format

Data that can be interpreted by machines.

Data integration

The process of combining and connecting data from different sources.

Structured data

Data that is organized and formatted according to a specific structure.

Data scientist

A professional who analyzes and interprets complex data sets.

Syntax

The rules and structure of a programming language or data format.

Semantic rules

Rules that define the meaning and relationships between data elements.

Domain knowledge

Expertise or understanding in a specific subject area.

Coefficient

A term used to describe a numerical factor in a mathematical equation.

Tim Berners-Lee

The inventor of the World Wide Web and a key figure in the development of the semantic web.

Name

A term given to identify a specific object or concept.

URI

Uniform Resource Identifier, a globally unique identifier for an object on the web.

Data model

A representation of data that includes objects and their relationships.

Graph

A network of objects and their relationships, often used as a data model.

Relations

Connections or associations between objects in a data model.

Distributed graph

A graph that is spread across multiple locations or sources.

Outsourcing of information

The practice of relying on external sources to define and provide information.

RDF

Resource Description Framework, a framework for representing information about resources on the web.

Link data

Data that is interconnected through links or relationships.

Data Science

The practice of extracting insights and knowledge from data through various techniques and tools.

Knowledge Graph

A network of interconnected data that represents knowledge and relationships between different entities.

Web URI

A unique identifier used to name resources on the web.

Linked Data

The practice of connecting different datasets through links to enable the sharing and integration of information.

Semantics

The study of meaning in language and how it can be represented and understood by computers.

Inferencing

The process of deriving new information or facts based on existing knowledge and rules.

Types

Categories or classifications assigned to entities to provide additional information about their characteristics.

Hierarchies

A system of organizing entities or concepts in a hierarchical structure based on their relationships and levels of abstraction.

Calculation

The process of performing mathematical or logical operations to determine the inferred information or conclusions.

Reuse

The ability to utilize existing knowledge and rules to solve new problems or make new inferences.

Data

Information or facts that are collected and stored.

Knowledge

Understanding or awareness gained through experience, study, or information.

Formal representation

A structured and agreed-upon way of representing information or data.

Birthplace

The location where a person is born.

Location

A specific place or position.

Predictable inferencing

The ability to make logical deductions or conclusions based on known information.

Semantic web

A concept of organizing and linking data on the internet in a way that is understandable by machines.

Web of data

A network of interconnected data that can be accessed and understood by machines.

Knowledge graphs

Graph structures that represent knowledge and relationships between entities.

Machine-readable formats

Data formats that can be easily interpreted and processed by machines.

Knowledge graph

A visualization of interconnected data nodes submitted to a specific source.

Life sciences data

Data related to the field of biology and medical research.

Drug research

The study and development of medications to treat diseases.

Genomic pathways

The sequence of genes and their interactions within an organism.

Generic knowledge graphs

Knowledge graphs that contain general information about various topics.

DBpedia

A knowledge graph project that converts Wikipedia info boxes into a usable format.

Google Knowledge Graph

One of the largest knowledge graphs used by Google to provide information boxes in search results.

Information retrieval

The process of obtaining relevant information from a large collection of data.

Domain-specific knowledge graphs

Knowledge graphs that focus on specific fields or industries.

Netflix

A company that uses knowledge graphs for recommendation systems.

German National Library

An organization that utilizes knowledge graphs in their infrastructure.

Elsevier

A research department in Amsterdam that investigates the use of knowledge graphs in scientific services.

IKEA

A company that uses knowledge graphs to improve their product catalog and user experience.

Amazon

A company that builds a knowledge graph of products for their web tools.

Uber

A company that uses a knowledge graph to provide food recommendations based on user preferences.

Interoperability

The ability of different devices or systems to communicate and work together.

Knowledge graph

A representation of knowledge that connects different pieces of information and allows for reasoning and analysis.

Heterogeneous data

Data that comes from different sources and may have different formats or structures.

Machine learning

A subset of AI that focuses on algorithms and models that can learn from data and make predictions or decisions.

Knowledge representation

The process of organizing and structuring information in a way that can be used by AI systems for reasoning and decision-making.

Symbolic AI

An approach to AI that uses formal logic and symbols to represent and manipulate knowledge.

Subsymbolic AI

An approach to AI that relies on statistical methods and signal processing, such as deep learning.

Explainability

The ability to understand and interpret the decisions or predictions made by AI systems.

Formal knowledge

Explicit and structured knowledge that can be represented using formal languages or logic.

Informal knowledge

Implicit or intuitive knowledge about the world that is not explicitly represented.

Representation

The act of expressing or depicting something in a particular way.

Calculating

The process of performing mathematical operations or computations.

Research

The systematic investigation and study of materials and sources to establish facts and reach new conclusions.

Knowledge

Information, understanding, or skills acquired through experience, education, or training.

Data

Facts, statistics, or information that is collected and analyzed for reference or use.

Core setup

The fundamental structure or arrangement of something.

Practicalities

The practical aspects or considerations of a situation or task.

Lecture

A formal talk or presentation given to a group of people, typically in an academic or professional setting.

Topics

Subjects or themes that are discussed or studied.

Formalisms

Systems or methods of representing or expressing ideas or concepts.

Knowledge graphs

Graph-based structures that represent knowledge or information.

RDF

Resource Description Framework, a standard for representing information about resources on the web.

RDFS

RDF Schema, an extension of RDF that provides a way to define the structure and vocabulary of RDF resources.

Querying

The process of requesting or retrieving specific information from a database or system.

Query mechanism

A method or system used to perform queries or retrieve information.

SPARQL

SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language, a query language for retrieving and manipulating data stored in RDF format.