American History Ch. 27

What is the name of the book Adolf Hitler wrote?

Mein Kampf(My struggle)

Who is the first dictator to rise to power in Italy?

Benito Mussolini

What is fascism?

A dictatorial government that stresses the greatness of a race or nation

What is the political party name that Adolf Hitler would come to power?

National Socialist German Workers Party

What is antisemitism? 

Hatred of Jewish people

What is a totalitarian state? 

That leaders would crush all opposition to them and would totally control all aspects of society(Government, news, jobs, manufacturing)

Who is the communist leader of the Soviet Union?

Joseph Stalin

Where did Joseph Stalin send people that he thought were disloyal to them?

Gulags(labor camps)

What are the 3 members that makeup Axis Powers?

Germany, Italy, Japan

What was the act that promised the U.S. would stay neutral?

Neutrality Acts- This act promised that America would stay neutral and we agreed to not sell weapons or give out loans to nations at war

Name of the style of fighting the Germans use.

Blitzkrieg or lightning war

Who is the leader of Great Britain during the battle of Britain?

Winston Churchill

What is the scorched Earth policy?

The Soviets would burn their cities, destroy crops, and blow up dams that provide electric power

What is the Lend and Lease Act?

It allowed the United States to sell, lend, or lease weapons to any country “vital to the defense of the United States”

How did U.S. soldiers become known as GI’s?

They then would receive their uniforms and equipment. These uniforms would be labeled G.I. for a government-issued. That is how U.S. soldiers became known as G.I.’s.

3 types of Ghettos and explain each one?

Closed: were closed off by walls, or fences with barbed wire

\-Open: had no walls or fences, but there were restrictions on entering and leaving

\-Destruction: were tightly sealed off and existed for between 2 and 6 weeks before the Germans and/or their collaborators deported or killed the Jewish population concentrated in them

\-Jewish people were only allowed to bring a few personal items to the ghetto. Many of their possessions were just left behind

\-Ghettos were extremely crowded and often lacked electricity and sanitary infrastructure

\-If you were caught smuggling goods you would be publicly executed

What is the strategy of island hopping?

This meant that the U.S. military would attack and capture key islands, which would then become bases in which they could attack other islands with

What is selective training and service act?

The first U.S. peacetime drafting of men 21-35 years of age into the military

What role did women play in ww2?

Women would rush to join the workforce. Women would work assembly lines and would help build tanks and airplanes

\-Eventually, 2.5 million women would work in shipyards, aircraft factories, and other manufacturing plants

\-Although most women left the factories after the war, their efforts changed American attitudes about women in the workplace

What is revenue act of 1942?

Revenue Act of 1942-raised business taxes and required most Americans to pay income tax

\-Congress would also approve withholding taxes from workers’ paychecks, which is still the practice today

\-A bond was a certificate promising to pay the buyer a set amount at a future date

What is rationing?

Consumers could only buy limited numbers or amounts of certain products

What is the fair employment practice committee?

Which would make it illegal to discriminate, in the defense industry, based on race, creed, color, or national origin

What is Operation Overlord, who come up with it?

\-In May 1944 the Western Allies were finally prepared to deliver their greatest blow of the war, a cross-channel invasion of northern France, code-named Operation Overlord

\-Eisenhower planned for a surprise attack on the beaches of Normandy

What is T4 program? What are common causes?

\-These questionnaires were used to see which people were able to work and they asked to identify patients that were/had:

-Schizophrenia, epilepsy, other disorders

-Those not of German-related blood

-The criminally insane or those committed on criminal grounds

-Those who had been confined to the institution in question for more than five years

\-It is estimated that the T4 Program killed over 200,000 people

Why do you think Japan refused to surrender, even after the heavy bombing of Tokyo? 

Tokyo would still be in ruins after they would surrender so they kept fighting.  Very prideful and thought they could still win the war.

What was the outcome of the Manhattan Project?

Creates the first atomic bomb

1. How did President Truman justify his decision to bomb the city of Hiroshima? 

He announced that the Japanese began the war from the air at Pearl Harbor.

How might tension with the Soviet Union have influenced the U.S. decision to drop an atomic weapon during World War II? 

We wanted to show that we have power.

How long did it take to plan the D-Day invasion?

More than 2 years