History of Medicine and Basic Terms and Word Parts

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Module 1

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185 Terms

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Where does healthcare date back to?

The ancient Greeks, who were inspired by the ancient Mesopotamians and Egyptians

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What was Hippocrates largely responsible for?

The gradual emancipation of medicine from religious and folk healing

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Hippocratic Oath

One of the most important documents of the Hippocratic Corpus

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When and where were the first formal medical schools formed?

Salerno, Bologna, Paris, Oxford, Salamanca in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries

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Cardi-

heart (kardia, Greek)

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Gastr-

stomach (gaster, Greek)

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Oste-

disease of the bone (osteon, bone, Greek)

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Nephr-

kidney (nephros, Greek)

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Mast-

breast (mastos, Latin)

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Mamm-

breast (mamma, Greek)

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Neur-

nerve (neuron, Greek)

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Cerebr-

brain (cerebrum, Latin)

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Aden-

gland (aden, adenos, Greek)

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Ophthalm-

eye (ophthalmos, Greek)

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-tomy

the making of an incision (tome, Greek)

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-ectomy

the surgical removal of something (ektoma, Greek)

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-plasty

surgical repair (plastos, formed/shaped, Greek)

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-clasis

to break/fracture (klasis, Greek)

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-rrhaphy

suture (rhaphe, Greek)

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-algia

pain (algos, Greek)

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-edema

swelling (oidema, Greek)

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-emia

blood condition (haima, blood, Greek)

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-iasis

abnormal or morbid condition (iasis, healing, mode of healing, remedy, cure, Greek)

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-itis

inflammation (-ites, converts noun to adj. and agreed with the word for disease (nosos), Greek)

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-megaly

pathological enlargement (megas, Greek)

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-oma

tumor (tumor/neoplasm, Greek)

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-pathy

disease (pathos, suffering, disease, Greek)

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-penia

decrease, deficiency (penia (poverty, need), Greek)

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-plegia

paralysis (plege/blow/stroke, Greek)

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-rrhea

discharge/flow (rhoia, Greek)

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-stenosis

narrowing, structure (stenosis, Greek)

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-trophy

nourishment, development (trophe, Greek)

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-ac

pertaining to

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-al

pertaining to

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-ar

pertaining to

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-ary

pertaining/relating to

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-eal

pertaining to

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-ic

pertaining to

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-ical

pertaining to

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-ile

pertaining to, capable

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-oid

resembling

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-ory

pertaining to, characterized by

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-ous

pertaining to

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-tic

pertaining to

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A-, An-

without, not (a-, an-, Greek and in-, Latin)

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Circum-, Peri-

around (circum, Latin and peri, Greek)

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Dia-, Trans-

through, across (dia, Greek and trans, Latin)

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Dys-

bad, painful, difficult (dys, Greek)

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Endo-, Intra-

in, within, (endon, Greek and intra, Latin)

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Homo-, Homeo-

same (homoios, Greek)

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Hyper-

excessive, above normal (hyper, Greek)

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Hypo-, Sub-

under, below, deficient (hypo, Greek and sub, Latin)

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Macro-

large (makros, Greek)

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Micro-

small (mikros, Greek)

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Mono-, Uni-

one (monos, Greek and unus, Latin)

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Post-

after, behind (post, Latin)

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Retro-

backward, behind (retro, Latin)

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Super-

above, upper (super, Latin)

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Algesi/a

Gr. algos=pain, pain

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Cardi/o

Gr. kardia=heart, heart

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Cephal/o

Gr. kephale=head, head

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Cerebr/o

Lat. cerebrum=brain, cerebrum (largest part of brain)

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Derm, Dermat/o

Gr. derma=skin, skin

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Ectom/y

Gr. ektome=excision, excision of an organ or gland

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Enchephal/o

Gr. enkephalos=brain, brain

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Enter/o

Gr. enteron=intestine, intestine

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Erythr/o

Gr. erythros=red, red

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Estheti-, Estheti-

Gr. aisthesis=sensation, perception, feeling, sensation

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Gastr/o

Gr. gaster=belly, stomach

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Glyc/o

Gr. glykys=sweet, sugar

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Hem/o, Em/o

Gr. haima=blood, blood

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Log/o

Gr. logos=study, study, science

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Megal/o

Gr. megas=large, large, enlarged

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My/o

Gr. mys=muscle, muscle

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Oste/o

Gr. osteon=bone, bone

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Peps/i

Gr. peptein=to digest, digest

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Pneum, Pneumon, Pneumat/o

Gr. pneumon=lung, lung, air

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Seps/is, Sept/i

Gr. septos=putrid, sepsis=putrification, pathogen or their toxins

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Therm/o

Gr. thermo=heat, heat

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Thromb/o

Gr. thrombos=clot, coagulation, clot, clotting

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Ur/o

Gr. ouron=urine, urinary tract/urine

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Arteri/o

Gr. arteria=an air duct, artery

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Arthr/o

Gr. arthros=joint, joint

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Hepat/o

Gr. hepat=liver, liver

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Hyster/o

Gr. hysteria=womb, uterus

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Lingu/o

Lat. lingua=tongue, tongue

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Ot/o

Gr. ous, otos=ear, ear

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Path/o

Gr. pathos=suffering, disease, disease

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a/gastr/ic

without a stomach

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Dys/peps/ia

difficult digestion condition

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Ecto-

outside, outer

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Ect/o/derm

outer skin, outer layer of cells in a developing embryo

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Endo-

inside, inner

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End/o/derm

inner skin, inner layers of embryo cells

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Epi-

over, upon

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Epi/derm/al

upon skin

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Hyper/therm/ia

more than normal heat

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Peri/cardi/al

around the heart, pericardium=the fibro-serous sac enclosing the heart

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Hypo/derm/ic

under the skin

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Epigastric

pertaining to region over the stomach