cardiovascular

terms & blooket & study guide

aort(o)-

aorta

angi(o)-

vessel

arter(o)/arteri(o)-

artery

ather(o)-

fatty substance

atri(o)-

atrium

cardi(o)-

heart

coron(o)-

heart or crown

corpor(o)-

body

cutane(o)-

skin

duct(o)-

to bring

ech(o)-

sound

electr(o)-

electricity

embol(o)-

plug or blockage

fluor(o)-

emitting of reflecting light

hem(o)-

blood

isch(o)-

to hold back

lip(o)-

fat

mediastin(o)-

mediastinum

my(o)-

muscle

orth(o)-

straight

path(o)-

disease

pector(o)-

chest

phleb(o)-

vein

pulmon(o)-

lung

radi(o)-

x-ray or radiant energy

AED

automated external defibrillator

AF

atrial fibrillation

AMI

acute myocardial infarction

ASCVD

atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

AV/A-V

atrioventricular

Bld

blood

BMP

basic metabolic panel

BP

blood pressure

Bpm

beats per minute

CABG

coronary artery bypass graft

CAD

coronary artery disease

Cath

catheterization

CC

chief complaint

c/o

complaint of

CCU

coronary care unit

CHF

congestive heart failure

CP

chest pain

CPR

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

CV

cardiovascular

d/c/DC

discharge

DM

diabetes mellitus

DNR

do not resuscitate

DOE

dyspnea on exertion

DVT

deep vein thrombosis

ECG/EKG

electrocardiogram

ECHO

echocardiogram

ED

emergency department

ER

emergency room

h/o

history of

H & P

history and physical

HTN

hypertension

ICD

implantable cardioverter defibrillator

ICU

intensive care unit

IMP

impression

IV

intravenous

K

potassium

KCL

potassium chloride

Lytes

electrolytes

M/H

medical history

MI

myocardial infarction

Mm Hg

millimeters of mercury

MVP

mitral valve prolapse

N/V

nausea and vomiting

Na

sodium

NCP

nursing care plan

npo

nothing by mouth

NSR

normal sinus rhythm

O2

oxygen

OR

operating room

P

pulse

PMI

point of maximum impulse of the heart when felt during examination

prn

as needed

PVC

premature ventricular contraction

R/O

rule out

ROS

review of systems

s/p

status post

SOB

shortness of breath

T

temperature

V fib

ventricular fibrillation

VSS

vital signs stable

VT

ventricular tachycardia

Know the difference between epicardium, myocardium, endocardium, and pericardium.

epi: above, myo: middle, endo: inside, peri: outside/around

The endocardium, from endo-, meaning inner or within, and cardi(o)-, meaning heart, is the thin inner layer that lines each chamber. The myocardium, from myo-, meaning muscle, and cardi(o)-, meaning heart, is the middle, muscular layer that contracts to pump blood. The epicardium, from epi-, meaning upon or on, and cardi(o)-, meaning heart, is the outer layer.

Know the difference between visceral and parietal

visceral: inside, parietal: outside

Name the 4 valves of the heart and identify their location

aortic, mitral (bicuspid), tricuspid, pulmonary

Venules

the smallest veins and receive blood from capillaries. They also play a role in the exchange of oxygen and nutrients for water products

arterioles

Small arteries
Branch off main arteries

pulmonary circulation

This circulation refers to the path deoxygenated, from de-, meaning without, and oxy-, meaning oxygen, blood travels as it goes to the lungs to get oxygen and then returns to the heart.

Explain the following tests/diagnostic procedures:

a.) Sphymomanometer

b.) Stethoscope

c.) Holter monitor

d.) Echocardiogram

e.) EKG

f.) Stress test

g.) Ultrasonography

h.) Cardiac enzymes

a.) instrument to measure pressure. Most nonmedical people call it a blood pressure cuff

b.) instrument for viewing. This tool, as you know, is used to listen for the sounds of the heart, but it also helps us listen to other body sounds like the lungs and intestines

c.) a portable ECG machine that the patient wears over a few days. The monitor records heart activity to show a possible pattern for the symptoms the patient may be having

d.) a test that uses ultrasound to look at the heart and its vessels

e.) The machine records the electrical activity of the heart. This test helps check heart rhythm and may diagnose other heart issues

f.) evaluate how well the system is working. The patient’s oxygen levels and EKG are monitored during the test.

g.) This test uses ultrasound to look at blood going through blood vessels to determine if they are narrowed or have a thrombus

h.) used to measure certain items in the blood that may indicate heart muscle damage.

Explain the follow treatments:

a.) Heart transplant

b.) CPR

c.) Cardiac catheterization

d.) Pacemaker

e.) Implanted defibrillator

a.) a surgical procedure in which the patient’s heart is replaced with the heart from a donor. This procedure allows patients to live when all other options won’t work.

b.) Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

c.) insertion of a catheter into a
chamber or vessel of the heart

d.) a small electronic device implanted in the chest
signals the heart to beat when the heartbeat is too slow or irregular

e.) shocking the heart to restore normal rhythm

where in the chest is the heart?

mediastinum

the bottom of the heart is

the top of the heart is

apex

base

another name for the bicuspid valve

mitral valve

The muscle that contracts the heart wall is

myocardium

The outer layer sac that contains the heart is the

pericardium

What separates the right from the left side of the heart?

septum