IPA Consonants

International Phonetic Alphabet (https://www.oeaw.ac.at/vlach/lab/transcription-guidelines/ipa-symbols)

p

voiceless bilabial plosive (pipe)

b

voiced bilabial plosive (born)

t

voiceless alveolar plosive (talk)

d

voiced alveolar plosive (dinner)

k

voiceless velar plosive (cap)

g

voiced velar plosive (game)

ʔ

plosive glottal stop (mitten)

m

bilabial nasal (mouse) - if not specified, assume voiced

ɱ (not tested)

labiodental nasal (moM)

n

alveolar nasal (neat)

ŋ

velar nasal (sing)

ɲ (not tested)

palatal nasal (onion - like n but using blade of tongue, not tip)

B

bilabial trill (vocal trill - no english word)

β (not tested)

voiced bilabial fricative (between b and v, but teeth don’t touch lips - bebé or vivir)

r

alveolar trill (spanish - rojo)

R

uvular trill (french - rouge)

ɾ

alveolar tap (spanish - pero, or like merry in a british accent)

f

voiceless labiodental fricative (fan)

v

voiced labiodental fricative (voice)

θ

voiceless dental fricative (earth)

ð

voiced dental fricative (then)

s

voiceless alveolar fricative/sibilant (race)

z

voiced alveolar fricative/sibilant (zinc)

ʃ

voiceless postalveolar fricative/sibilant (she)

ʒ

voiced postalveolar fricative/sibilant (fusion)

x

voiceless velar fricative (german - bach, tongue position for vowel [a] sound, but emit air as if making “h” sound)

h

voiceless glottal fricative (hat)

ɹ

alveoar approximant glide (american “er” - dairy, moving the tongue)

j ( as in joy - only here because looks like i)

palatal approximant (you)

l

alveolar lateral approximant (love)

w

voiced labio-velar approximant (went)

dʒ (not tested)

voiced consonant combination (just)

gz (not tested)

voiced consonant combination (exit)

kw (not tested)

voiced consonant combination (quick)

tʃ (not tested)

voiced consonant combination (cheese)