Untitled Flashcards Set

Obedience

Following orders from authority.

Conformity

Changing to fit in with a group.

Social Facilitation

Performing better when others are watching.

Social Loafing

Putting in less effort in a group.

Groupthink

Making bad decisions to avoid conflict in a group.

Deindividuation

Losing your sense of self in a group.

Bystander Effect

Not helping someone in need when others are around.

Altruism

Helping others without expecting anything in return.

Prejudice

Negative attitude toward a group.

Discrimination

Treating someone unfairly due to their group.

Stereotype Threat

Worrying about confirming a negative stereotype.

In-Group Bias

Favoring your own group.

Out-Group Homogeneity Bias

Thinking everyone in another group is the same.

Situational Attribution

Explaining behavior based on the situation.

Fundamental Attribution Error

Explaining behavior based on personality.

Actor-Observer Bias

Explaining your own behavior differently than others'.

Self-Serving Bias

Taking credit for success, blaming others for failure.

Reciprocity Norm

Expecting people to help those who helped them.

Halo Effect

Assuming someone is good at everything if they're good at one thing.

False Consensus Effect

Thinking everyone agrees with you.

Central Route of Persuasion

Persuaded by the message's content.

Peripheral Route of Persuasion

Persuaded by things other than the message.

Door-in-the-Face Technique

Asking for a big favor then a smaller one.

Foot-in-the-Door Technique

Asking for a small favor then a bigger one.

Mere Exposure Effect

Liking something more the more you see it.

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Your expectations cause someone to fulfill them.

Internal Locus of Control

Believing you control your life.

External Locus of Control

Believing outside forces control your life.

Individualistic Cultures

Emphasizing individual achievement.

Collectivist Cultures

Emphasizing group harmony.

Cognitive Dissonance

Discomfort when beliefs and actions don't match.

Confirmation Bias

Looking for information that confirms your beliefs.

Social Trap

Conflicting parties pursuing self-interest leading to destructive behavior.

Psychodynamic Perspective

Focus on unconscious drives.

Humanistic Perspective

Focus on personal growth.

Social-Cognitive Perspective

Focus on how thoughts, behaviors, and environment interact.

Projection

Attributing your own feelings onto others.

Displacement

Redirecting emotions from one target to another.

Rationalization

Making excuses to justify actions.

Repression

Pushing painful memories out of conscious awareness.

Big 5 Personality Traits

Five main ways to describe behavior: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.

Factor Analysis

A mathematical method to identify relationships among variables.

Personality Tests

Questionnaires designed to assess personality traits.

Projective Test

A personality test using ambiguous stimuli to uncover hidden thoughts.

Arousal Theory

Motivation to find optimal excitement levels.

Drive Reduction Theory

Behaviors aimed at satisfying basic needs.

Drives

Internal pushes prompting actions to satisfy needs.

Self-Determination Theory

Motivation arising from perceived autonomy and competence.

Incentive Theory

Motivation driven by the pursuit of rewards.

Homeostasis

The body's process of maintaining stability.

Instincts

Automatic behaviors performed without conscious thought.

Extrinsic Motivation

Motivation influenced by external rewards.

Intrinsic Motivation

Motivation driven by internal satisfaction.

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Optimal performance occurs at moderate arousal levels.

Approach-Avoidance Conflict

Choosing between options with both positive and negative aspects.

Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict

Choosing between two unfavorable options.

Universal Emotions

Emotions experienced by all people: happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, disgust.

Cultural Differences with Emotional Expressions

Variations in how emotions are expressed across cultures.

Display Rules

Cultural norms for expressing emotions.

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Facial expressions can influence emotional states.

Downward Comparison

Comparing oneself to someone worse off to feel better.