chapter 9

What process became more efficient in factories by focusing on specific tasks?

Assembly line

Who emigrated to America and helped develop the textile industry?

Samuel Slater

What did the British government prohibit to protect its economy?

Mechanics and machines from leaving Britain

What system involved farmers’ daughters working in factories?

Lowell System

What were the living conditions provided by employers for Lowell System workers?

Housing provided by employers

What landmark case declared unions legal in Massachusetts?

Commonwealth v. Hunt (1837)

What significant change occurred in the US between 1820 and 1860 regarding inventions?

The increase in US patents

What is subsidize mean?

To provide financial support or assistance.

What revolution greatly affected labor systems, population, and transportation:

The Market Revolution

What innovation connected cities like Albany and Buffalo?

Erie Canal

What was a major consequence of the Market Revolution on cities?

An increase in the number of cities and towns.

Who were the emerging middle class that made up 30% of the population in the 1840s?

Farmers, merchants, and lawyers.

What movement aimed to reduce immorality and promote social reforms?

Benevolent Empire

What was the primary message of Charles Grandison Finney's evangelism?

Everyone had the power to achieve salvation.

What was the American Temperance Society known for?

Promoting abstinence from alcoholic beverages.

Who were the primary immigrants that led to cultural conflicts in America?

Germans and Irish.

What was the prevalent sentiment of nativism in the 19th century?

Dislike and distrust of immigrants.