Lecture 18: Synthesis - Endosymbiosis & Origin of Eukaryotes

02/26/24

animal development

morula - solid ball of cells

blastula - hollow ball of cells

germ layers - cells turn into tissue

endosymbiosis proof and evidence

mitochondria share characteristics with aerobic a-proteobacteria

chloroplasts share characteristics with photosynthetic cyanobacteria

both of their outer membranes mirror euk plasma membrane and inner mirrors bacterial precursor

mitochondria, chloroplasts, bacteria

• divide by binary fission, have smaller ribosomes than euk, circular DNA, genomic similarities

sequential endosymbiosis

mitochondria appear before chloroplasts because monophyletic (chloroplast organisms are not monophyletic)

primary vs secondary endosymbiosis

primary - red and green algae

secondary - other photosynthetic protists