Chapter_7-CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Flashcards Chapter 7 - Cellular Respiration

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

The primary energy currency of all cells.

Aerobic respiration

Needs oxygen to occur.

Anaerobic cellular respiration

Does not need oxygen to occur.

Equation for aerobic cellular respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Glycolysis

Glucose is broken down into 2 parts, producing a 3-carbon molecule. Occurs in the cytoplasm.

Glycolysis

The first stage of breaking down glucose to extract energy; occurs in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Aerobic respiration

Process where cells break down glucose to generate energy in the form of ATP in the presence of oxygen; consists of the Krebs cycle and the ETC.

Fermentation

An anaerobic process that allows cells to produce ATP when aerobic respiration isn't possible.

Krebs cycle

A crucial step in cellular respiration where cells convert glucose and other nutrients into usable energy in the form of ATP.

Molecule that accepts electrons at the end of the ETC

Oxygen; water, ATP, NAOH, FAD

Benefits and drawbacks of aerobic respiration

High energy yield, sustained energy production, homeostasis of glucose concentration in the body. Drawbacks: requires oxygen, slower process, reactive oxygen.

Drawback of anaerobic respiration

Cannot make lots of ATP.

Chemiosmosis in ETC

Movement of hydrogen ions through a membrane protein (ATP synthase) by a concentration gradient, producing ATP by oxidative phosphorylation.

Two ways the body makes ATP

Substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation.

Chemiosmosis implication for ATP production

It will not be generated in the usual quantities without proton gradient.

Why oxygen consumption measures metabolic rate

Cellular respiration (making ATP by oxidative phosphorylation).

True statements about Glycolysis

Glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen, occurs in the mitochondria, is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, and produces 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate.

Cause of cramps during exercise

Lactic acid buildup.

Source of carbon dioxide in human blood

Cellular respiration, especially the Krebs cycle.

Energy currency used by cells

ATP.

Role of NADH & FADH2 in aerobic respiration

Deliver electrons and hydrogen into the electron transport chain.

Purpose of cellular respiration

To break down glucose to make ATP in the mitochondria.

Condition for anaerobic respiration (fermentation)

No oxygen.

Respiration process that yields more energy

Aerobic cellular respiration with oxygen.

Products of anaerobic respiration (fermentation) in plants, bacteria, or fungi

Lactic acid, alcohol, carbon dioxide.

Location of the Krebs/citric acid cycle

Matrix in the mitochondria.

Organisms that perform cellular respiration

All living organisms except viruses.

First process when food molecules enter a cell

Glycolysis.

If oxygen is present in the cell, the next step

Krebs cycle.

What chemiosmosis involves

Movement of hydrogen ions through the ATP synthase due to a concentration gradient.

What is removed from pyruvate during its conversion into an acetyl group

One carbon, which becomes carbon dioxide.

Where Glycolysis happens

It happens in the cytoplasm

glycolysis

breakdown of glucose. Glucose is broken down into 2 parts of a 3- carbon molecule

glycolysis

happens in both prokaryotic and eukartyotic cells

output glycolysis

ATP, Pyruvate (3 carbon molecule )

kreb cycle

• crucial step in cellular respiration, the process by which cells convert glucose and other nutrients into usable energy in the form of ATP

• generates lots of ATP and occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells.

Glucose -> Glycolysis -> Pyruvate -> Krebs Cycle -> Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis

Aerobic

Anaerobic

Glucose -> Glycolysis -> Fermentation

Citric Acid Cycle

kreb cycle

APT production

substrate level and Oxidative (in mitochondria )