The biochemical compound that carries energy in all living systems is ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), which is the primary energy currency of all cells.
Aerobic cellular respiration requires oxygen.
Anaerobic cellular respiration does not require oxygen.
The equation for aerobic cellular respiration:C6H12O6 + O2= C02 + H20 + ATPThis reaction indicates that glucose and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide, water, and usable energy in the form of ATP.
Glycolysis involves the breakdown of glucose. Glucose is broken down into 2 parts of a 3-carbon molecule.
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Inputs: Glucose
Outputs: ATP, pyruvate (3-carbon molecule)
Aerobic respiration is the process where cells break down glucose to generate energy in the form of ATP in the presence of oxygen.
It consists of the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain (ETC).
Inputs: Glucose, Oxygen
Outputs: ATP, Carbon dioxide, Water
Location: Krebs cycle and ETC
Fermentation is an anaerobic process, meaning it happens without oxygen.
It allows cells to produce ATP when aerobic respiration is not possible.
Inputs: Glucose.
Outputs: Varies depending on organism (e.g., lactic acid, alcohol, CO2$$CO_2$$).
Location: Cytoplasm.
The Krebs cycle is a crucial step in cellular respiration, the process by which cells convert glucose and other nutrients into usable energy in the form of ATP.
The electron transport chain generates lots of ATP.
The molecule that accepts electrons at the end of the ETC is oxygen, which generates water.
Products: ATP, H2O$$H_2O$$, NAD+$$NAD^+$$, FAD
Aerobic Respiration:
Benefits: High energy yield, sustained energy production, important for multicellular organisms, maintains homeostasis of glucose concentration in the body by breaking it down.
Drawbacks: Requires oxygen, slower process, produces reactive oxygen species.
Anaerobic Respiration:
Benefits: Allows ATP production without oxygen.
Drawbacks: Cannot make lots of ATP.
Aerobic:(Glucose -> Glycolysis -> Pyruvate -> Krebs Cycle -> Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis)
Anaerobic:(Glucose -> Glycolysis -> Fermentation)
Cellular Respiration Equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP)
Krebs cycle is also called the Citric Acid Cycle.
Movement of Hydrogen ions (H+$$H^+$$) through the membrane protein ATP synthase, driven by the concentration gradient (high to low).
This process produces lots of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation.
The body makes ATP in two ways:
Substrate-level phosphorylation.
Oxidative phosphorylation, which happens in the mitochondria by cellular respiration.
Without chemiosmosis, ATP will not be generated, despite the proton gradient.
Oxygen consumption can be used as a measure of metabolic rate because oxygen is necessary for cellular respiration, which makes ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. Oxygen is needed for the ETC.
Electron Transport Chain.
Chemiosmosis.
Fermentation.
True: Glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen.
False: Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria.
True: Glycolysis is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
True: Glycolysis produces 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate.
Cramps during exercise are caused by fermentation as it produces lactic acid, which is then stored in your muscles, causing cramps and soreness.
Most of the carbon dioxide normally present in human blood comes from cellular respiration, especially the Krebs cycle.
When pyruvate becomes acetyl-CoA, it produces carbon dioxide, and the Krebs cycle also produces large amounts of carbon dioxide.
The energy currency used by cells is ATP.
NADH and FADH2 are electron carrier proteins.
They deliver electrons and hydrogen ions into the electron transport chain.
Hydrogen and electrons are the most important matter for ATP production.
The purpose of cellular respiration is to break down glucose to make ATP in the mitochondria.
Anaerobic respiration (fermentation) occurs under conditions of no oxygen.
Aerobic cellular respiration with oxygen yields more energy.
Aerobic cellular respiration with oxygen produces 36 ATP by chemiosmosis via ATP synthase in the ETC.
Products of anaerobic respiration (fermentation) if the organism is a plant, bacteria, or fungi: Lactic Acid, alcohol, carbon dioxide, and ATP.
The Krebs/citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria.
All living organisms perform cellular respiration, except viruses (which are not living organisms).
Glycolysis is the first process to happen when food molecules enter into a cell.
Krebs cycle occurs next if oxygen is present in the cell.
Chemiosmosis involves the movement of hydrogen ions through the membrane protein called ATP synthase by the concentration gradient.
One carbon is removed from pyruvate during its conversion into an acetyl group.
This carbon becomes a carbon dioxide molecule, which causes us to breathe out.
Glycolysis happens in the cytoplasm.
Chapter_7-CELLULAR RESPIRATION
The biochemical compound that carries energy in all living systems is ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), which is the primary energy currency of all cells.
Aerobic cellular respiration requires oxygen.
Anaerobic cellular respiration does not require oxygen.
The equation for aerobic cellular respiration:C6H12O6 + O2= C02 + H20 + ATPThis reaction indicates that glucose and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide, water, and usable energy in the form of ATP.
Glycolysis involves the breakdown of glucose. Glucose is broken down into 2 parts of a 3-carbon molecule.
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Inputs: Glucose
Outputs: ATP, pyruvate (3-carbon molecule)
Aerobic respiration is the process where cells break down glucose to generate energy in the form of ATP in the presence of oxygen.
It consists of the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain (ETC).
Inputs: Glucose, Oxygen
Outputs: ATP, Carbon dioxide, Water
Location: Krebs cycle and ETC
Fermentation is an anaerobic process, meaning it happens without oxygen.
It allows cells to produce ATP when aerobic respiration is not possible.
Inputs: Glucose.
Outputs: Varies depending on organism (e.g., lactic acid, alcohol, CO2).
Location: Cytoplasm.
The Krebs cycle is a crucial step in cellular respiration, the process by which cells convert glucose and other nutrients into usable energy in the form of ATP.
The electron transport chain generates lots of ATP.
The molecule that accepts electrons at the end of the ETC is oxygen, which generates water.
Products: ATP, H2O, NAD+, FAD
Aerobic Respiration:
Benefits: High energy yield, sustained energy production, important for multicellular organisms, maintains homeostasis of glucose concentration in the body by breaking it down.
Drawbacks: Requires oxygen, slower process, produces reactive oxygen species.
Anaerobic Respiration:
Benefits: Allows ATP production without oxygen.
Drawbacks: Cannot make lots of ATP.
Aerobic:(Glucose -> Glycolysis -> Pyruvate -> Krebs Cycle -> Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis)
Anaerobic:(Glucose -> Glycolysis -> Fermentation)
Cellular Respiration Equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP)
Krebs cycle is also called the Citric Acid Cycle.
Movement of Hydrogen ions (H+) through the membrane protein ATP synthase, driven by the concentration gradient (high to low).
This process produces lots of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation.
The body makes ATP in two ways:
Substrate-level phosphorylation.
Oxidative phosphorylation, which happens in the mitochondria by cellular respiration.
Without chemiosmosis, ATP will not be generated, despite the proton gradient.
Oxygen consumption can be used as a measure of metabolic rate because oxygen is necessary for cellular respiration, which makes ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. Oxygen is needed for the ETC.
Electron Transport Chain.
Chemiosmosis.
Fermentation.
True: Glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen.
False: Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria.
True: Glycolysis is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
True: Glycolysis produces 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate.
Cramps during exercise are caused by fermentation as it produces lactic acid, which is then stored in your muscles, causing cramps and soreness.
Most of the carbon dioxide normally present in human blood comes from cellular respiration, especially the Krebs cycle.
When pyruvate becomes acetyl-CoA, it produces carbon dioxide, and the Krebs cycle also produces large amounts of carbon dioxide.
The energy currency used by cells is ATP.
NADH and FADH2 are electron carrier proteins.
They deliver electrons and hydrogen ions into the electron transport chain.
Hydrogen and electrons are the most important matter for ATP production.
The purpose of cellular respiration is to break down glucose to make ATP in the mitochondria.
Anaerobic respiration (fermentation) occurs under conditions of no oxygen.
Aerobic cellular respiration with oxygen yields more energy.
Aerobic cellular respiration with oxygen produces 36 ATP by chemiosmosis via ATP synthase in the ETC.
Products of anaerobic respiration (fermentation) if the organism is a plant, bacteria, or fungi: Lactic Acid, alcohol, carbon dioxide, and ATP.
The Krebs/citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria.
All living organisms perform cellular respiration, except viruses (which are not living organisms).
Glycolysis is the first process to happen when food molecules enter into a cell.
Krebs cycle occurs next if oxygen is present in the cell.
Chemiosmosis involves the movement of hydrogen ions through the membrane protein called ATP synthase by the concentration gradient.
One carbon is removed from pyruvate during its conversion into an acetyl group.
This carbon becomes a carbon dioxide molecule, which causes us to breathe out.
Glycolysis happens in the cytoplasm.