Medical Terminology final exam (copy)

study set for medical assisting- medical terminology 1

anoxia

condition without oxygen

cardiomegaly

abnormal enlargement of the heart

cholecystectomy

excision/surgical removal of the gallbladder

cholecystitis

inflammation of the gallbladder

cystitis

inflammation of the bladder

cystolithiasis

condition of stones in the bladder

diarrhea

through flow

enteralgia

intestinal pain

gastrectomy

excision of the stomach

gastrocele

herniation/protrusion of the stomach

hematemesis

vomiting blood

hemigastrectomy

excision of half the stomach

lipemia

fat in the blood

menorrhagia

excessive menstrual bleeding

metastasis

spreading beyond control

prognosis

before knowledge

pylororrhaphy

suturing of the pyloric valve

tachypnea

fast breathing

bradycardia

slow heart rate

dermatitis

inflammation of the skin

eupnea

normal breathing

hematochezia

passage of bloody stool

hematoma

mass of blood leaked outside of blood vessels into tissues

hematuria

blood in the urine

hematocrit

percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells

tachycardia

fast heart rate

diagnosis

through knowledge, identification of a disease

hemorrhage

to bleed profusely

hypertension

high blood pressure

hypotension

low blood pressure

pyrexia

an abnormally high body temperature or fever, fever

holistic

dealing with something as a whole rather than by its individual parts

homeostasis

stability or equilibrium of a system or the body's internal environment

hypertrophy

excessive growth or development

metabolism

the constantly changing physical and chemical processes occurring in the cell

muscle

a tissue consisting of contractile cells

organ

A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body

abrasion

area of skin or mucous membrane that has been scraped off

alopecia

partial or complete hairloss, naturally or from medication

arrector pilli

smooth muscle (in papillary layer of dermis); when contracts causes hair to "stand up".

first degree burn

involves on the epidermis and produces inflammation with redness, pain, and slight edema. healing occurs within 3-5 days- no scarring.

second degree burn

Involves the epidermis and the dermis, yet leaves some of the dermis intact. They produce redness, blisters, and more severe pain. healing occurs in 2 to 3 weeks with minimal scarring.

third degree burn

involves destruction of epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue, which are often completely destroyed.

fourth degree burn

destroys all layers of the skin and involve underlying tendons, muscles, and sometimes bones

* no pain (nerves are dead)

debridement

the removal of injured or necrotic tissue

diaphoresis

abnormal amount of sweat or perspiration

incision

a cut or surgical wound

keloid

raised, irregular, lumpy scar due to excess collagen fiber production during healing of a wound

vitilligo

nonpigmented white patches on otherwise normal skin

melasma

patchy pigmentation of the skin

laceration

a tear of the skin

anorexia

severe lack of appetite; or an aversion to food

appendix

small blind projection from the pouch of the cecum

chyme

a milky fluid that results from digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine

cirrhosis

extensive fibrotic liver disease

constipation

hard, infrequent bowel movements

deglutition

the act of swallowing

dyspepsia

"upset stomach," epigastric pain, nausea, and gas

gallbladder

Small, sac-like structure that stores bile and concentrates bile by reabsorbing H2O; located on inferior surface of liver

hepatitis

inflammation of the liver

jaundice

yellow staining of tissues with bile pigments, including bilirubin

intussusception

the slippage of one part of the bowel inside another, causing obstruction

large intestine

Final stages of digestion with absorption of excess moisture, minerals and vitamins. forms, stores and eliminates stool. Mucus glands are present.

cecum

1st portion of large intestine; blind pouch

colon

The longest part of the large intestine ; tube-like organ connected to the small intestine at one end and the anus at the other

rectum

4-5 inches, extends from sigmoid colon to anus; “stool storage”; “anal canal”

mastication

to chew

pancreas

lobulated gland, the head of which is tucked into the curve of the duodenum

papillae

any small projection

plicae

fold in a mucous membrane

peristalsis

waves of alternate contraction and relaxation of alimentary canal wall to move food through the digestive tract

pharynx

air tube from the back of the nose to the larynx

rugae

a fold, ridge, or crease. Found in the stomach and on the palate of your mouth.

small intestine

digestion of food (common bile and pancreatic ducts empty into duodenum, carry bile from GB), primary absorption of food. secretes different enzymes and hormones.

duodenum

1st section of small intestine; where the common bile duct join & empty into \[term\].

jejunum

2nd portion of small intestine ; helps to further digest food coming from the stomach.

ileum

3rd portion of small intestine; connects w/ large intestine at the ileocecal valve (cecum)

stomach

J shaped sac for food. includes cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

* utilizes digestion, secretes chemicals and hormones. little absorption takes place here except for h2O and alcohol.

thrush

infection with Candida albicans

uvula

fleshy projection of the soft palate

Alzheimer's disease

a brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills and, eventually, the ability to carry out the simplest tasks

common form of dementia

aneurysm

circumscribed dilation of an artery or cardiac chamber

ataxia

inability to coordinate muscle activity, leading to jerky movements

brainstem

region of the brain that includes the thalamus, pineal gland, pons, fourth ventricle, and medulla oblongata.

Pons

connects the cerebrum with the cerebellum and brainstem; "bridge"(connecting upper and lower levels of the CNS). relays sensory impulses from the peripheral nerves to higher brain centers.

medulla oblongata

located between pons and spinal cord; lowest part of the brainstem, continuous with spinal cord. Has centers for respiration, heart rate, vasoconstriction/vasodilation (determines BP), etc

midbrain

connects pons and cerebellum with hemispheres of cerebrum; aka mesencephalon. contains reflex centers for eye and head movements in response to visual and auditory stimuli.

cerebellum (hindbrain)

Located under the posterior portion of the cerebrum ; assists in coordination of voluntary movements in skeletal muscles and maintains balance.

cerebrum

the major portion of the brain divided by two hemispheres (cerebral hemispheres) separated by a fissure pertaining to the brain.

cerebral cortex

thin convoluted layer of the gray matter that folds into gyrus/gyri, sulcus/sulci and fissures. contains 70% of the neurons.

ventricles

A cavity of the heart or brain. spaces w/in cerebrum that contains CSF which flows through subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord.

cauda equina

bundle of spinal nerves in the vertebral canal below the ending of the spinal cord

cerebrospinal fluid

clear, colorless fluid formed in the ventricles of the brain; flows through subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord. Cushions and protects brain. transports nutrients and clears metabolic waste.

confusion

mental state in which environmental stimuli are not processed appropriately

delirium

acute altered state of consciousness with agitation and disorientation; condition is reversible

dementia

chronic, progressive, irreversible loss of the mind's cognitive and intellectual functions

dopamine

neurotransmitter in some specific small areas of the brain that induce feeling “good”

endorphin

natural substance in the brain for pain relief

epilepsy

chronic brain disorder due to paroxysmal excessive neuronal discharges

gray matter

regions of the brain and spinal cord occupied by by the cell bodies and dendrites