AP Gov Amendments 2-10

2nd Amendment

Grants the right to bear arms.

3rd Amendment

Protects against the quartering of troops.

4th Amendment

Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.

5th Amendment

grand jury, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, due process, takings (of private property, eminent domain) (GDDTS)

6th Amendment

a fair, speedy, and public trial, impartial jury, to be informed of rights, lawyer, to confront witnesses. (TJRLW)

7th Amendment

Right to a trial by jury in civil cases.

8th Amendment

Protection from excessive bail, fines, and cruel and unusual punishment.

9th Amendment

Asserts that people have rights beyond those specified in the Constitution.

10th Amendment

Powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved to the states or the people (federalism)

Cooperative Federalism

A concept where national, state, and local governments work together to solve common problems.

Enumerated Powers

Powers specifically granted to the federal government by the Constitution.

Reserved Powers

Powers for the states/local government

Concurrent Powers

Powers shared by both the federal and state goverments (eg. tax, build roads, lower courts)

Exclusionary Rule

A legal rule that excludes evidence obtained in violation of a defendant's constitutional rights.

DC V. Heller

Recognized an individual's right to possess firearms for self-defense within the home.

Categorical Grant

Federal funds provided for a specific purpose, often with conditions.

McDonald V. Chicago

2nd Amendment applies to the states

US V. Lopez

Limited Congress's power under the Commerce Clause; ruled that carrying a gun in a school zone is not an economic activity.

Mapp V. Ohio

Established the exclusionary rule at the state level.

Miranda V. Arizona

Required that individuals be informed of their rights before police interrogation (Miranda Rights).

Gideon V. Wainwright

Established the right to counsel in criminal cases for those unable to afford an attorney.

Gregg V. Georgia

Reaffirmed the constitutionality of the death penalty under certain guidelines.

Marble Cake Analogy

Describes cooperative federalism, where government responsibilities are mixed across national and state lines.

Layer Cake Analogy

Describes dual federalism, where responsibilities are clearly divided between the national and state governments.

Block Grant:

Federal funds provided for broad purposes, allowing more discretion for the states in how to spend the money