L1. Regulation of the Reproductive Cycle

Steroids

________: metabolised by liver and excreted in urine and faeces.

radioimmunoassay

Hormones can be detected in physiological fluids: blood, saliva, urine, lymph, tears, faeces, milk using ________ (RIA) and ELISA technology.

Lipids

________ consisting of 20- carbon unsaturated hydroxy fatty acids that are derived from arachidonic acid.

physiological responses

They cause specific behavioural or ________ by the percipient.

Antagonist

________: have greater affinity to receptor but promote weaker activity than native hormone.

HCG

________ and eCG are produced by the early embryo (conceptus) which cause the stimulation of the maternal ovary.

Target tissue

________ has cellular receptors for neurohormone.

Pheromones

________ are another class of substances that cause remote effects.

Agonist

________: have similar molecular structure that bind to specific receptor and cause same (or better) biological effect as native hormone.

NB

________: progesterone in females exerts strong negative feedback on both surge and tonic centres, but mostly exerts its effect on the tonic centre.

consistent display of teamwork

The nervous and endocrine systems interact in a(n) ________ to initiate, coordinate and regulate all reproductive function.

cell bodies

Axons from the ________ of the surge and tonic centres extend into the pituitary stalk region where the nerve endings (terminal buttons) terminate on the sophisticated and highly specialised capillary network (hypothalamohypophyseal portal system)

Block

________ or stop the action of the other excitatory neurons.

Polypeptides

________ are designated as α and β subunits.

Neurons

________ releasing neurotransmitters may be called neurosecretory cells.

Placental lactogen

________ promotes the development of the mammary gland and is lactogenic.

Protein hormones

________: degraded in liver and kidneys.

Hormonal control

________ has durations of minutes, hours, or even days.

neurohormone

Requires ________ (substance released by neuron) to enter the blood and act on remote target tissue.

endocrine system

The ________ relies on hormones to cause responses.

Hormone

________: a substance produced by a gland that acts on a remote target tissue to bring about a change in the target tissue.

Reproduction

________ is regulated by the interplay between the nervous system and the endocrine system.

Growth hormone

________ (somatotropin) from the anterior lobe of the pituitary → regulates growth, lactation, protein metabolism.

hypothalamus

The ________ is the neural control centre for reproductive hormones.

Hormones

________ originate from endocrine glands or nerves.

agonist

have similar molecular structure that bind to specific receptor and cause same (or better) biological effect as native hormone

antagonist

have greater affinity to receptor but promote weaker activity than native hormone

Steroids

metabolised by liver and excreted in urine and faeces

Protein hormones

degraded in liver and kidneys

can be detected in physiological fluids

blood, saliva, urine, lymph, tears, faeces, milk using radioimmunoassay (RIA) and ELISA technology

Another type of neuron is widespread throughout the central nervous system

inhibitory neuron (inhibits other neurons)

The probability that the postsynaptic neuron will fire is controlled by the ratio of presynaptic excitation

presynaptic inhibition

Hormone

a substance produced by a gland that acts on a remote target tissue to bring about a change in the target tissue

NB

progesterone in females exerts strong negative feedback on both surge and tonic centres, but mostly exerts its effect on the tonic centre

most important

GnRH