media ownership and control

What does the Media Monopoly argument suggest about media ownership?

It argues that there is a decrease in the number of owners, giving owners more power.

What is a monopoly in the context of media?

Exclusive ownership of a service or a commodity.

How has the number of media companies changed in the last decade?

The number of companies has sharply dropped.

What does the concentration ratio in media refer to?

It refers to the significant increase in the concentration of media ownership.

What do powerful media companies do by buying different mediums?

They narrow the available sources of information based on the owner's interests.

How do large media companies influence political and social views?

They invest millions for money and influence, which can strongly shape opinions.

What percentage of the UK's local commercial radio stations are owned by just two companies?

65%.

What does Curran suggest about the concentration of ownership in media?

He suggests that the concentration of ownership isn't new.

Which powerful media moguls are mentioned in the notes?

Barclays brothers and Murdoch.

What percentage of the UK's national newspaper market is dominated by three companies?

90%.

What is meant by ideological state apparatus in the context of traditional Marxism?

It refers to institutions that serve to propagate ideology and maintain control.

How many companies are responsible for 71% of the UK's local newspapers?

Just 6 companies.

Who is Bagdikian and what is his significance in media ownership?

He authored 'Lads of the Global Village,' highlighting how media companies are dominated by few powerful people.

What capability do media moguls have over public thought?

They can decide what the public should be thinking and share their own viewpoints.

Who is Jeffrey Bewkes and what is his significance in the media industry?

Jeffrey Lawrence Bewkes is a retired American media executive who was CEO of Time Warner from January 1, 2008 to June 14, 2018.

What university did Jeffrey Bewkes graduate from?

Jeffrey Bewkes graduated from Yale University with a bachelor's degree in philosophy.

Why did Jeffrey Bewkes leave Time Warner?

He left due to a merger with American Telephone and Telegraph company, now called WarnerMedia.

What percentage of regional daily newspapers is controlled by the top media companies?

Companies control around 10% of regional daily newspapers.

What is a major issue related to media ownership concentration?

The ownership of media is concentrated, leading to limited viewpoints and biased narratives, despite the appearance of choice.

What does the report suggest about increasing media ownership?

The report recommends measures to increase the number of owners of media companies to enhance diversity and open debate.

What major media types are associated with Murdoch's empire?

Murdoch's media types include book publishing, newspapers, broadcast TV, cable networks, filmed entertainment, and satellite TV.

Who is often referred to as 'the Lord of the Global Village'?

Jeffrey Bewkes is referred to as 'the Lord of the Global Village'.

What is cultural homogenisation in the context of media?

The process by which different cultures become more similar through the influence of media.

What are the main features of media ownership?

Horizontal integration, vertical integration, synergy, global conglomerate, technological convergence, and lateral expansion/diversification.

What do Milliband and the Glasgow Media Group argue about the media?

They argue that the media plays an important role in spreading the dominant ideology and controls access to knowledge about society.

What is the dominant ideology according to Marxists?

A set of ideas and beliefs that represent the outlook and justify the interests of a social group, often supported by the media.

What role does Althusser attribute to the media in terms of ideology?

He refers to the media as an ideological state apparatus that reinforces false class consciousness.

What do traditional Marxists believe about the media's function?

They believe that the media reinforces false class consciousness and passes on false ideologies.

What is false class consciousness?

A situation where the working class is misled to believe in ideologies that do not reflect their true interests.

Who is Andrew Tate, and what is his relevance in the media discussion?

Andrew Tate is often referenced in discussions about the spread of certain ideologies through media that can contribute to reinforcing false ideologies.

What is Horizontal Integration in media ownership?

When media owners have interests in multiple media markets, such as a film production company also getting into book publishing.

What does Vertical Integration refer to in the context of media companies?

Media companies operate in a global market, producing many different media products while controlling various stages of production.

What is meant by Cultural Homogenisation?

The concentration of media ownership can lead to a homogenization of cultures and a lack of diversity in media content.

Give an example of a media conglomerate involved in both film and other markets.

Disney operates in the film industry and owns various other media and entertainment assets.

What is Synergy in media companies?

Synergy is when media companies maximize sales by promoting a product across various platforms or in collaboration with other companies.

What does Technological Convergence mean in media?

Technological convergence refers to the overlap of different forms of media and technology, allowing for various media products to be accessed on single devices.

Who are some examples of large media companies?

Examples include Disney, Ford, Cadburys, and Starbucks.

What is meant by Diversification in the context of media companies?

Diversification refers to media companies expanding into various forms or types of media to broaden their market presence.

What do unrealistic portrayals in media suggest about society according to the lecture notes?

They suggest that poor people are happy and that it benefits the bourgeoisie by legitimising social positions.

What is the traditional Marxist perspective on media ownership?

The media is owned by the bourgeoisie, who control the content to spread dominant ideology that justifies their power and privilege.

According to Miliband, why do editors and journalists not resist the spreading of bourgeois ideology?

They depend on owners for jobs and therefore will not use their autonomy to resist.

What evidence did Curran find regarding media ownership in the 20th century?

Media owners were open about their propagandist role and later became even more interventionist.

How do politicians perceive the influence of media moguls?

They believe that media moguls have a great deal of control over media content and try to gain favor with them.

What is the hegemonic approach in media studies?

It refers to the idea that the media spreads dominant ideology that reinforces the power and privilege of the bourgeoisie.

Define 'false-class consciousness' as mentioned in the context of media influence.

It is the idea that the media contributes to misrepresenting social realities in a way that obscures class disparities.