Chapter 3: Forces And Energy
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37 Terms
What is the formula for calculating density?
Density = Mass / Volume
What happens to density as particles get packed closer together?
Density increases
What happens to atomic number as density increases?
It also increases
What is the density of neutronium?
100,000,000,000,000 g/cm³
What happens if something is more dense than water?
It sinks
What happens if something is less dense than water?
It floats
What is the density of water?
1.0 g/cm³
Why are solids and liquids hard to compress?
Their particles are already in contact
Why are gases easy to compress?
Their particles are far apart
What happens to gas density when compressed?
It increases
What happens to gas density when it expands?
It decreases
What causes gas to expand?
Heat
What is thermal energy measured in?
Joules
What does heat measure?
The energy in the particles
How is temperature different from heat?
Temperature is the direction of energy transfer; heat is the total energy
What does temperature determine?
The direction thermal energy will be transferred
What does temperature tell us about particles?
The average energy of the particles
What does heat tell us about particles?
The total thermal energy of particles
What is the lowest possible temperature?
-273°C (absolute zero)
What does conserved energy mean?
The total energy stays the same
What does the law of conservation of energy state?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed or transferred
What is dissipation?
Energy that spreads out and becomes less useful
What increases the rate of thermal energy transfer?
A bigger temperature difference between hot and cold
In which state does conduction work best?
Solids
Why are metals good conductors?
Free electrons pass vibrations
Why are wood, plastics, and fabrics poor conductors?
Their particles don’t allow easy transfer of heat
What is an insulator?
A poor conductor of heat
What is convection?
Upward movement of warmer liquid or gas
What is a convection current?
The circulating movement of heated fluids
In which states of matter does convection occur?
Liquids and gases
What is radiation?
A type of invisible wave
What happens to radiation as an object gets hotter?
It increases
Can radiation pass through a vacuum?
Yes
What are the best emitters and absorbers of radiation?
Dull, black, large surface area
What are the worst emitters and absorbers of radiation?
Shiny, white or silver, small surface area
What is evaporation?
A change of state from liquid to gas
Why does evaporation cause cooling?
High energy particles escape, lowering the average energy of the remaining particles
Note 
Flashcards (36)