Scoliosis and Kyphosis new

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40 Terms

1
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What are the main types of spine deformities discussed by Asst. Prof. Firas Alobaidi?

Scoliosis and Kyphosis.

2
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What does the term 'Ortho' mean?

Straight.

3
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Who pioneered the term 'Orthopedic'?

Nicolas Andry from Paris in 1741.

4
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What is scoliosis?

An apparent lateral curvature of the spine greater than 10 degrees.

5
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What are the components of scoliosis?

Triplanar deformity with anteroposterior, lateral, and rotational components.

6
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What is postural (non-structural) scoliosis?

A deformity that is secondary or compensatory due to conditions outside the spine.

7
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What are some causes of postural scoliosis?

Short leg or pelvic tilt due to hip contracture.

8
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What characterizes structural scoliosis?

A non-correctable deformity with essential vertebral rotation.

9
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Describe the rib hump associated with scoliosis.

Found on the convex side of the curve in the thoracic spine.

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What is a common complication of severe scoliosis?

Effects on cardiopulmonary function.

11
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What are the types or causes of scoliosis?

Idiopathic, congenital, neuropathic, myopathic, degenerative, and miscellaneous connective tissue disorders.

12
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What clinical features present in scoliosis?

Obvious deformity, rib hump, asymmetrical hip prominence, and possible family history.

13
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What does the Adams forward bending test reveal?

It makes the curve more obvious.

14
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What imaging techniques are used to assess scoliosis?

X-Ray, CT, and MRI.

15
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What is Cobb's angle?

The angle of curvature measured between the upper border of the upper end vertebra and the lower border of the lower end vertebra.

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What does Risser's sign indicate?

Skeletal maturity, assessed on a scale from zero to 5 grades.

17
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What is the relationship between skeletal maturity and scoliosis prognosis?

Younger children with higher curves have a worse prognosis.

18
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What is ScoliScore™?

A DNA test that indicates the likelihood of severe curve progression in children with idiopathic scoliosis.

19
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What is juvenile idiopathic scoliosis?

Idiopathic scoliosis occurring in children aged 4 to 9 years, with a worse prognosis.

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What is adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?

The most common type of idiopathic scoliosis, typically occurring in girls over the age of 10.

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What are the treatment options for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?

Exercises, bracing, and possibly surgical intervention.

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What is the Milwaukee brace used for?

Thoracic support in scoliosis.

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What is the Boston brace used for?

Lumbar or thoracolumbar support.

24
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When is surgery indicated for scoliosis?

For curves larger than 30 degrees that are cosmetically unacceptable or show rapid progression.

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What are common complications of scoliosis surgery?

Neurological compromise, spinal decompensation, pseudarthrosis, and implant failure.

26
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What can cause congenital scoliosis?

Failure of formation or segmentation leading to hemivertebra or fused vertebrae.

27
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How is myopathic scoliosis associated with muscular dystrophies treated?

Sitting support or surgical stabilization for severe cases.

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What is hyperkyphosis?

Excessive thoracic curvature.

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What is structural kyphosis associated with?

Changes in the shape of vertebrae.

30
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What is Scheuermann's disease?

A condition characterized by a fixed round back deformity and wedging of thoracic vertebrae.

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What is a typical X-Ray finding in Scheuermann's disease?

Irregular and fragmented vertebral endplates.

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What is the threshold degree for surgical intervention in kyphosis?

Curves greater than 60 degrees may need surgical correction.

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What is the aim of scoliosis surgery?

To stop progression of the deformity and straighten the curve.

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What are the three types of approaches for scoliosis surgery?

Anterior, posterior, or combined approach.

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What does forward bending during the Adams test identify in scoliosis?

The direction and level of the major curve.

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What could a family history of scoliosis indicate?

A potential genetic predisposition to the condition.

37
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What is the significance of a curve greater than 50 degrees?

It may continue to increase by 1 degree per year.

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What conservative treatment is effective in maintaining muscle tone during bracing?

Exercises.

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What is the primary aim of nonsurgical treatment in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?

To prevent mild deformity from becoming severe.

40
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