Pre-cinema. The origins of cinema

What speed does the human eye require to perceive movement?

At least 16 images per second.

Thaumatrope

An optical toy that blends two pictures due to persistence of vision.

Phenakistoscope

The first widespread animation device, created by Joseph Plateau and Simon Stampfer, displaying motion with a rotating disk.

Zoetrope

A cylindrical animation device invented by William George Horner that shows progressive phases of motion.

Magic Lantern

An ancestor of cinema, it projects images onto glass plates but cannot create the illusion of movement quickly enough.

First Photograph

Captured by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in 1830 with an 8-hour exposure.

Negative on paper

Developed by Talbot in 1839, allowing quicker photographs and printing images.

Eastman's contribution (1884)

Patented the first film in roll form.

Intermittent mechanism

A device that allows regular exposure on film, crucial for cameras and projectors.

Chronophotographic Gun

Invented by Marey, capable of taking 12 consecutive frames per second.

Praxinoscope

An optical instrument that improved on the zoetrope by using mirrors for a stationary viewing experience.

Kinetoscope

Developed by Edison and Dickson for individual viewing through a peephole.

Black Maria

Edison's movie studio in New Jersey, known as America’s First Movie Studio.

Cinematograph

Invented by the Lumière brothers, allowing printing and projecting films, first shown publicly in 1895.

Vitascope

Edison's electrically powered projector capable of projecting images for large audiences.

Viewing Films in the 19th Century

Films were shown either individually (peep show) or collectively.

5 technical requirements for the creation of the cinema