Honors Physics Final Terms 🥼🧪

All are from previous definitions in tests

periodic wave

a sequence of wave pulses 

mechanical wave

the type of wave which requires a medium through which to travel

surface wave

a wave type in which matter moves in a circular path

Doppler Effect

the stretching or compressing of a wave due to the relative motion between source and observer

standing wave

a combination of reflection and interference, this happens when a fundamental frequency creates stationary nodes and antinodes

sonic boom

this phenomena occurs at or near the speed of sound and is an example of constructive interference

the interaction of waves occupying the same space

interference

blue shift

a specific example of the doppler effect when light waves are compressed, indicating that an object is moving toward the observer

refraction

the bending of waves as they pass through different media

diffraction

the bending of waves around barriers/obstacles

transmission

When waves travel through (and out of) a medium

absorption

When the energy of a wave doesn't leave after interacting with a medium

polarization

Filtering of the orientation of light

color filter

Filtering of the frequency/wavelength of light

anaglyph

Old/obsolete 3D technology that utilizes color lenses to filter light (ex. Red-Cyan). 

vector

a quantity with both magnitude and direction

impulse-momentum theorem

states:  Ns = kgm/s

Ns

The SI unit for Impulse

Kgm/s

The SI unit for momentum 

scalar

a quantity with only magnitude

momentum

"Inertia in Motion"

impulse

is calculated by the product of Force and Time

Kepler’s 2nd Law

states that for an orbiting body, the area swept out by the radius will be equal over any equal time interval around the orbit

centripetal force

the inward-pointing force that constrains an object to a circular path

tangential velocity

the velocity of an object that points tangent to the circle or arc in which the object is moving

centripetal acceleration

the inward-pointing acceleration that results from a centripetal force

centrifugal force

an imaginary force that is believed to point outward as an object moves in a circular path

Kepler’s 1st Law

states that all planets orbit in elliptical paths with the sun at one of the two foci

Kepler’s 3rd Law

an expression showing the relationship of 2 orbiting bodies by means of their orbit radius and period

energy

the ability to do work

power

the rate at which work is done

work

energy lost out of a system (converted to thermal energy)

work-energy theorem

states that work is equivalent to the change in mechanical energy

conservation of energy

states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted to another form

work

equal to the distance an object travels as a force is applied

J/s

a unit for Power

spring constant

described as the "Stiffness" of a spring (N/m)

kinetic energy

the energy of motion

potential energy

stored energy (chemical, gravitational, electrostatic)

Hooke’s Law

relationship of spring force and stretch/compression

2nd

Newton's __________ Law of motion (F=ma)

Weight

a downward-pulling force dependent on an objects mass

1st

Newton's __________ Law of motion (Inertia)

force

a push or pull

friction

this surface force always acts opposite the direction of motion

normal force

This surface force always acts perpendicular to the surface

accelerates

an object _________________ with a non zero net force

equilibrium

when the net force is zero, an object is in a state of

coefficient of friction

the ______________________ of friction changes based on the materials in contact

Net force

the sum of all forces

static friction

a force from a surface that resists motion of an object at rest

unbalanced

when the net force is not zero the forces are said to be ___________

terminal velocity

the maximum speed an object can reach due to air resistance

projectile

an object in motion such that the only force acting is the force due to gravity

acceleration due to gravity

caused by the force due to gravity (9.81m/s/s)

range

displacement measured in the horizontal direction

air resistance

a retarding force caused by the atmosphere

9.81m/s

value of acceleration in the y direction

0 m/s

value of the acceleration in the x direction

independent

motion in the x and y directions is

displacement

final minus initial position

free fall

type of motion during which an object only experiences the force of gravity

reference point

a location to which the motion of an object is compared