ch. 10 vocab

Blood

The fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins, carrying nutrients and oxygen to and waste materials away from all body tissues.

Formed Elements

The cellular components of blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Plasma

The liquid part of blood, made up mostly of water, in which the formed elements are suspended.

Buffy Coat

The thin layer of white blood cells and platelets that forms between the plasma and red blood cells when blood is centrifuged.

Hematocrit

The percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells.

Albumin

A protein in blood plasma that helps maintain blood's osmotic pressure.

Erythrocytes

Another name for red blood cells, which carry oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues.

Hemoglobin

The protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen.

Oxyhemoglobin

Hemoglobin bound to oxygen.

Anemia

A condition in which the blood doesn't have enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin.

Leukocytes

Another name for white blood cells, which are part of the immune system.

Diapedesis

The movement of white blood cells out of the bloodstream and into tissues.

Amoeba

A type of single-celled organism that can change shape.

Pseudopod

A temporary arm-like projection used by some cells, like amoebas, for movement and feeding.

Leukocytosis

An increase in the number of white blood cells, often due to infection.

Leukemia

A type of cancer that affects white blood cells.

Phagocytes

Cells that engulf and digest foreign particles and pathogens.

Neutrophils

A type of white blood cell that is the first to respond to infection.

Eosinophils

A type of white blood cell involved in fighting parasites and allergic reactions.

Basophils

A type of white blood cell that releases histamine during allergic reactions.

Histamine

A compound released by cells in response to injury and allergic reactions, causing inflammation.

Lymphocyte

A type of white blood cell involved in the immune response.

Monocytes

A type of white blood cell that can differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells.

Platelets

Small cell fragments that play a key role in blood clotting.

Thrombocyte

Another name for platelets.

Megakaryocytes

Large bone marrow cells that produce platelets.

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation.

Hemocytoblasts

Stem cells in the bone marrow that give rise to all types of blood cells.

Myeloid Cell

A type of blood cell derived from a myeloid stem cell, including red blood cells, platelets, and some white blood cells.

Lymphoid Cell

A type of blood cell derived from a lymphoid stem cell, including lymphocytes.

Hemostasis

The process of stopping bleeding.

Fibrin

A protein that forms a mesh to help clot blood.

Coagulation

The process of blood clotting.

Thrombus

A blood clot that forms in a blood vessel.

Embolus

A blood clot or other substance that travels through the bloodstream and can cause blockages.

Antigen

A substance that triggers an immune response.

Antibodies

Proteins produced by the immune system to neutralize or destroy antigens.

Agglutination

The clumping of particles, such as blood cells, in response to an antibody.

Hemolysis

The destruction of red blood cells.

Blood Type

The classification of blood based on the presence or absence of certain antigens on the surface of red blood cells.