SKELATALSHIT

SKELETAL SYSTEM

without this, there would be no rigid framework to support the soft tissues of the body and no system of joints and levers to allow the body to move.

3 their connective tissues

cartilage, tendons, and ligaments

Skeleton

Greek word meaning dried but it is not dried and very alive.
\> consists of dynamic, living tissues that are able to grow, detect pain stimuli, adapt to stress, and undergo repair after injury.

bone

well suited for bearing weight and is the major supporting tissue of the body.

• cartilage

provides firm yet flexible support within certain. structures.

• Ligaments

strong bands that attach to bones and hold them together.

SKELETAL SYSTEM

hard and protects the organ it surrounds.

Movement

contraction of skeletal muscles pulls the tendons, which moves the bones

• Joints

where two or more bones come together, allow movement between bones

• Ligaments

allow some movement between bones but prevent excessive movement

Storage

minerals in the blood +calcium and phosphorus + are stored in bone.

Blood cell production

red bone marrow, produces blood cells and platelets.

• Long bones

longer than they are wide

• Short bones

broad as they are. wide

• Flat bones

relatively thin, flattened shape

• Irregular bones

have shapes. that do not fit readily. into the three other categories
+ tend to have specialized functions

• Sesamoid bones

embedded in tendons (muscles)

2 types of sesamoid bones

• Patella (knee)
• Pisiform (carpal)

3 Parts of long bone

• Epiphysi
• Metaphysis
• Diaphysis

• Epiphysis

two ends

• Metaphysis

growth plate. composed of cartilage. between each epiphysis and diaphysis, narrow portion

epiphyseal plate

stops growing
\> epiphyseal line

• Diaphysis

central bone shaft of long bone

• Body, shaft

main portion

• Head

enlarged rounded end

• Neck

constricted area between the head and body

• Condyle

smooth, rounded articular surface

• Facet

small flattened articular surface

• Crest

prominent ridge, elongated elevation

• Foramen

hole

• Canal, meatus

tunnel, elongated hole

• Fissure

cleft, depression, elongated hole

• Sinus

cavity in bone.

• Fossa

big depression

206 bones

average adult skeleton

* Axial skeleton

80 bones

* Appendicular skeleton

124 bones

PTERION

union of four bones (Frontal, Sphenoid, Temporal, Parietal)
\> thinnest bone

ASTERION

union of three bones
(Parietal, Occipital, Temporal)

Cranial vault

calvarium or skull cap

Coronal suture

found between frontal bone and parietal bone

Sagittal suture

between parietal bone

Lambdoid suture

between occipital bone and parietal bone

Anterior and Posterior Fontanelle

in newborn soft spots
\> bunbunan (open)

• Bregma

anterior

• Lambda

posterior of closed fontanelle

• Cribriform plate

flat area

• Crista galli

elevated, elongated

• Olfactory foramina

holes in the cribriform plate

Falx cerebri

nakadikit

\> Anterior

Frontal, Ethmoid, part of Sphenoid

\> Middle

part of Sphenoid. Temporal, Parietal

\> Posterior

part of. Sphenoid, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital

PARTS OF Closed Fontanelle

• Bregma
• Lambda

PARTS OF Ethmoid bone

• Cribriform plate
• Crista galli
• Olfactory foramina

PARTS OF Cranial fossa

\> Anterior
\> Middle
\> Posterior

Maior Features (Prominent elevated parts)

• Body, shaft
• Head
• Neck
• Condyle
• Facet
• Crest
• Process
• Tubercle or tuberosity
• Trochanter
• Epicondyle

5 Opening or Depressions (hole)

• Foramen
• Canal, meatus
• Fissure
• Sinus
• Fossa

Sphenoid bone

an unpaired bone of the neurocranium

Superior inferior orbital fissures

largest

>provide openings through which nerves and blood vessels commune cate with the orbit or pass to the face

Optic foramen

passage through the arbit of the eye in the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone that is traversed by the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

NEUROCRANIUM

8 bones
\>cranial base + cranial vault

2

Parieta have how many bones?

2

Tempora have how many bones?

1

Frontal have how many bones?

1

Occipital have how many bones?

1

Sphenoid have how many bones?

1

Ethmoid have how many bones?

14

VISCEROCRANIUM have how many bones?

2
Zygomatic have how many bones?

Facial bones
Maxilla have how many bones?

2

Palatine have how many bones?

2

Lacrimal have how many bones?

Nasal

2 Inferior nasal concha

2

Inferior Nasal Concha have how many bones?

1

Vomer have how many bones?

1

Mandible have how many bones?

6 bones

AUDITORY OSSICLES have how many bones?

2

Malleus have how many bones?

2

Incus have how many bones?

2

Stapes have how many bones?

Hyoid bone has how many bones?

1 bone
\> floating bone.
\> attached by ligaments and muscles

1. Supports the weight of the head and trunk
2. protects the spinal cond
3. allows spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord
4. provides a site for muscle attachment.
5. permits movement of the head and trunk

FUNCTION OF THE VERTEBRA

• Kyphosis.

abnormal posterior curvature resulting in a hunchback condition
\>mostly in upper thoracic

Lordosis

abnormal anterior curvature
\>resulting in a swayback condition
\> mainly in the lumbar region

Scoliosis

abnormal lateral curvature

CERVICAL VERTEBRAE have how many bones?

7 bones

• C1

Atlas
\> no body

• C2

Axis

• C3

C6

• CT

resembles the thoracic vertebra \>with septum ang transverse foramen
\> vertebral prominence
Atlanto–occipital joint

Atlanto – axial joint
\> NO motion

THORACIC VERTEBRAE

12 bones
\> heart–shaped body
\>T11–T12

T1to T10

connected in the ribcage

LUMBAR VERTEBRAE

5 bones
\> LI– L5
\> locking arrangement
\>Function bearing. weight
\> Body: bean \ kidney shape
\> Superior – medial
\> Inferior \= lateral

SACRAL

I bone
\> 5 bones fused together called sacrum

Sacral hiatus

the area where the bones didn't fused
>Sacral canal

\

COCCYX

I bone

> a.K.a. Tailbone

> 3–5 fused bone

RIBS

24 bones : 12 pairs.

• True ribs (1–7)

attach directly to the sternum by means of costal cartilages

•False ribs (8–12)

do not attach directly to the sternum