Year 9 Self-Testing Booklet - Double Science (Higher)

A set of vocabulary flashcards based on the Year 9 Self-Testing Booklet covering key concepts in Double Science.

Three states of matter

Solid, liquid, and gas.

Density

The amount of matter in a volume.

Density equation

Density (kg/m³) = mass (kg) / volume (m³) (P = m/V).

Internal energy

Total kinetic and potential energy of all particles in a system.

Latent heat

Energy needed for a substance to change state.

Specific latent heat

The amount of energy required to change the state of one kilogram of a substance with no change in temperature.

Gas pressure

Force exerted by particles in a gas in a given area.

Active transport

Movement of particles from low concentration to high concentration using energy.

Atom

The smallest part of an element that can exist.

Element

A substance that contains only one type of atom.

Compound

Two or more elements chemically bonded together.

Mixture

Two or more substances not chemically bonded.

Ionic bonding

Occurs when metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions and non-metal atoms gain electrons to form negative ions.

Covalent bonding

Occurs when non-metal atoms share electrons.

Empirical formula

The simplest ratio of elements in a compound.

Mitosis

The process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.

Pacemaker cells

Cells in the right atrium that produce electrical impulses to regulate heart rhythm.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

Translocation

Transport of dissolved substances, like sugar, in a plant.

Electrostatic attraction

The force of attraction between oppositely charged ions in an ionic compound.

Nucleus

The central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons.

Proton

A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus.

Neutron

A neutral subatomic particle found in the nucleus.

Electron

A negatively charged subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus.

Efficiency

The ratio of useful energy output to total energy input.

Ohmic conductor

A material where the current is directly proportional to the potential difference across it.