Global Systems and Global Governance Case Studies

Apple Context

Apple Context

Stores in 22 countries
Employes 127,000
½ of the retail stores are in the US
Value of $1 trillion
HQ in Apple Park, California
Production at Foxcomm/ Pegatron in China

Apple’s Success

Brand loyalty
Online products and services
Marketing campaigns promote ethics
Outsourcing to China (race to the bottom) into Special Economic Zones
Skilled, non-unionised workers

Positive impacts of Apple

‘Green my Apple’ campaign moved to 100% renewable energy in factories
6,000 employed at the HQ in Cork, Ireland
FDI
Foxcomm employs 1.3 million
2016 $1.5 billion green climate bond

Negative Impacts of Apple

14 worker suicides in a year at Foxcomm
Worker IDs taken away at Pegatron
Only 60% workers are Irish in Cork HQ
Uses Cork as tax evasion (12.5% tax rate)
Caught in US-China trade way

United Nations Facts

193 countries in the General Assembly
Established in 1919, named the ‘League of Nations’

UN Bodies

Security Council- 5 permanent members (UK, France, USA, China, Russia) and 10 elected members
WHO- tackles disease
UN Development Programme- the ‘Milennium Development Goals’ (2000-2015), includes ending hunger and poverty

UN Successes

WHO eradicated polio and small pox
UN World Food Programme reduced famine
UNESCO protected the Galapagos Islands

UN Failures

Failed to prevent the Rwandad genocide
2011 Haitian Earthquake- peacekeepers

Antarctica’s Importance

Feeding ground for 80% of whales
Antarctic convergence zone has cool waters which support phytoplankton
Trans-Antarctic mountain range
98% glacial ice
100,000 tourists in 2023

Threats to Antarctica

90% of whales were killed by 1960
Up to 3 degrees celsuis sea rise
Bacterial contamination by scientists from Arctic moss
Increasing international resource pressure

Governance of Antarctica

1988 Mineral Convention
1959 Antarctica Treaty (ends in 2048)
1991 Madrid Protocol involved compulsory inspections and prevented minings
1982 International Whaling Moratorium
1994 Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary
Linbald Plan manages tourism
International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators
ASOC- allowed at governance meetings
IUCN- shares knowledge

Evaluation of Antarctica’s Governance

2012 plan for reserve cancelled due to Russia-Ukraine conflict
Took 5 years for CCAMLR to negotiate Ross Sea Marine Protected Area
Incentive gaps
Lack of legal system to enforce rules