Digestion and Nutrition

Mechanical

______ digestion utilizes chewing or contractions

horses

are the only monogastric animals that can effectively digest fiber (ex. forages).

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

In order, the sections of the small intestine are

Digestion

is the process of breaking down large food particles into small food particles

Absorption

is the process of moving small food particles across the intestinal wall.

cattle can be described as

ruminants, herbivores, able to digest plant tissues

The rumen and reticulum do

microbial digestion (bacteria)

The omasum does

water absorption, and the abomasum does

acid, enzymes, and mucus

what does the monogastric stomach secrete?

bacteria, protozoa, fungi

what assists in digestion in the rumen?

What are the accessory glands

liver, gallbladder, pancreas

How are horses different from normal monogastric animals

their stomach is more acidic than normal and their large intestine is very big

mouth does

mechanical digestion

esophagus does

tube for feed to move to the stomach

stomach

acidic digestion

small intestine

nutrient absorption

large intestine

water absorption

what do monogastric and ruminants have in common

the direction of the food in the esophagus, the use of the small and large intestines, the number of stomachs

crop

in birds, the feed is stored in the _____ first before further digestion

Digestion

big → small particles

What makes chickens different from other animals in digestion

have a proventriculus, crop, gizzard, and ceca

Proventriculus

similar to stomach in monogastric

crop

feed storage before digestion

gizzard

bird’s form of mechanical digestion

How are ruminant babies different from adults

instead of going to the rumen, it skips and goes straight to the abomasum because they are just drinking milk for the first few months. As they change their eating habits, their stomach changes

What are the 6 essential nutrients

water, carbs, lipids/fats, amino acids/protein, vitamins, minerals

Why is water an essential nutrient

in all feeds, required for all animals for MAINTENANCE; feed = moisture + dry matter

Why is protein an essential nutrient

only nutrient that provides Nitrogen for the animal, made of amino acids which are the building blocks of the animal’s body.

Why are carbs an essential nutrient

their main function is energy for the animal, cheaper than fats

Why are fats essential nutrients

Energy-dense nutrients

Why are vitamins essential nutrients

function as coenzymes or cohormones, can be water or fat-soluble, help with metabolic regulation

minerals

macro or micro, inorganic compounds

How do we determine nutrient content

proximate analysis or digestibility trial

proximate analysis

use chemicals to break down feed to determine nutrient contents

digestibility trial

observing the feed from the digestive tract

What is a concentrate feed

cereal grains, oilseed meals, byproducts

what is a roughage feed

legumes and grasses, harvested or pasture, ruminants or horses