Digestion and Nutrition

Mechanical: ______ digestion utilizes chewing or contractions

horses: are the only monogastric animals that can effectively digest fiber (ex. forages).

duodenum, jejunum, ileum: In order, the sections of the small intestine are

Digestion: is the process of breaking down large food particles into small food particles

Absorption: is the process of moving small food particles across the intestinal wall. 

cattle can be described as ruminants, herbivores, able to digest plant tissues

The rumen and reticulum do: microbial digestion (bacteria)

The omasum does: water absorption, and the abomasum does: acidic digestion (true stomach)

acid, enzymes, and mucus: what does the monogastric stomach secrete?

bacteria, protozoa, fungi: what assists in digestion in the rumen?

What are the accessory glands: liver, gallbladder, pancreas

How are horses different from normal monogastric animals: their stomach is more acidic than normal and their large intestine is very big

mouth does: mechanical digestion

esophagus does: tube for feed to move to the stomach

stomach: acidic digestion

small intestine: nutrient absorption

large intestine: water absorption

what do monogastric and ruminants have in common: the direction of the food in the esophagus, the use of the small and large intestines, the number of stomachs

crop: in birds, the feed is stored in the _____ first before further digestion

Digestion: big → small particles

What makes chickens different from other animals in digestion: have a proventriculus, crop, gizzard, and ceca

Proventriculus: similar to stomach in monogastric

crop: feed storage before digestion

gizzard: bird’s form of mechanical digestion

How are ruminant babies different from adults: instead of going to the rumen, it skip and goes straight to the abomasum because they are just drinking milk for the first few months. As they change their eating habits, their stomach changes

What are the 6 essential nutrients: water, carbs, lipids/fats, amino acids/protein, vitamins, minerals

Why is water an essential nutrient: in all feeds, required for all animals for MAINTENANCE; feed = moisture + dry matter

Why is protein an essential nutrient: only nutrient that provides Nitrogen for the animal, made of amino acids which are the building blocks of the animal’s body.

Why are carbs an essential nutrient: their main function is energy for the animal, cheaper than fats

Why are fats essential nutrients: Energy-dense nutrients

Why are vitamins essential nutrients: function as coenzymes or cohormones, can be water or fat-soluble, help with metabolic regulation

minerals: macro or micro, inorganic compounds

How do we determine nutrient content: proximate analysis or digestibility trial

proximate analysis: use chemicals to break down feed to determine nutrient contents

digestibility trial: observing the feed from the digestive tract

What is a concentrate feed: cereal grains, oilseed meals, byproducts

what is a roughage feed: legumes and grasses, harvested or pasture, ruminants or horses