Basic Term and Central Nervous System

Neuro Module 1

Sagittal Plane

Divides the body into left and right sections of the body 

Coronal Plane

Divides the body into front and back sections of the body

Transverse

Divides the body into upper and lower halves of the body

Proximal

closer to midline of body

distal

farther away from center of body

medial

towards midline of the body

lateral

away from midline of body

superior

above/ higher

inferior

below/ towards feet

anterior (ventral)

front of body

posterior

back of body

ipsilateral

same side of body

contralateral

opposite side of body

central nervous system

brain, spinal cord, controls thinking, walking, talking

Direction brain vs body

Dorsal - body back, brain top

ventral- body, front, brain bottom

Peripheral Nervous System

All nerves outside CNS

autonomic (unconscious) control of the body system

connects CNS to environment and organs

sympathetic (autonomic)

fight, flight or freeze

parasympathetic (autonomic)

return state of rest

afferent

towards the brain

efferent

away from the brain

diencephalon

thalamus and hypo thalamus

frontal lobe

movement, planning, speaking

parietal lobe

sensory information

temporal lobe

hearing and memory

occipital lobe

vison

cerebellum

balance, coordination, fine motor control

brain stem

vital function

midbrain

pons

medulla

gray matter

• Contains neuron cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, glial cells

• Location: cerebral cortex and deep brain structures

• Not wrapped with fatty 

white matter

• Made of myelinated axons

• Helps different brains areas communicate

• Fatty tissue cells wrapped around

cerebral cortex

• Outer layer or cerebrum 

• Made of gray matter

• Organized into 6 layers of neurons

Cytoarchitecture

• Refers to the organization of cells in the cortex

• 6 layers

• Different regions have different layers of thicknesses and rations

• Supports different brain functions

central sulcus

separates frontal & parietal lobes

longitudinal fissure

separates left and right hemispheres

Lateral fissure

separates frontal lobe from temporal lobe