manifest destiny

chapter 12

adams- onis treaty

john q. adams entered into a treaty with spain over the border between oregon and california

whitman mission

two people traveled to oregon country as missionaries to convert native americans to christianity. they set up a mission among the cayuse people near present day walla walla washington

oregon trail

route from independence, missouri to oregon country near the pacific ocean

manifest destiny

phrase written by john o’ sullivan enforcing earlier ideas that the us should stretch from the atlantic to pacific ocean

election of 1844

james k. polk was the candidate for the democratic party, while henry clay was for the whig party

james k polk

supported manifest destiny and gaining all of oregon. “fifty four forty or fight”.

henry clay

presidential candidate in 1844; did not take a strong position on the oregon country issue

moses austin

mexico offered him a tract of land to establish a colony

stephen f austin

set up a colony (texas) with 300 families

antonio lopez santa anna

new president in 1833; declared himself dictator and abolishes mexican constitution; sent an army to punish rebels

gonzales

1st battle of texas independence; mexican army tried to seize a cannon held by the texans at gonzales

alamo

texans converted a spanish mission into a fort here

davy crockett

from kentucky; a coleader at the alamo

jim bowie

inventor of a knife; coleader at the alamo

william b travis

26 year old leader at the alamo

washington on the brazos

a meeting took place here; texas declared independence and became the republic of texas

republic of texas

texans established this after becoming independent from mexico

sam houston

commander in chief of the texas forces. he ordered texas troops to abandon their fort goliad. he was texan president and sent a delegation to washington d.c. asking the u.s. to annex texas

goliad

texas troops retreated but were faced with mexican forces. they fought and texas surrendered, but many were executed

battle of san jacinto

houston with 900 troops surprises santa anna’s army of 1300. santa anna is captured and forced to sign a treaty granting texas independence

lone star republic

andrew jackson

didn’t want texas to become a state because it would unbalance the amount of slave states and free states

martin van buren

didn’t allow texas to become a state because of issue with slavery and war with mexico

john tyler

favored favored texan annexation, but the senate didn’t approve with the issue of slavery

william becknell

traveled to santa fe; the first american trader to reach santa fe

santa fe trail

from independence, mi to santa fe

john c. feremont

an army officer who wrote of california’s mild climate and vast natural resources

james k. polk

had a vision of new mexico and california being part of the u.s. he offered to buy the land, but new mexico wouldn’t sell it

texas- mexico border

the u.s. and mexico had different views on where this border was

rio grande river

the u.s. claimed that the texas/mexico border was here

nueces river

mexico claimed that the texas/mexico border was here

john slidell

was sent to propose a deal of $30 million for california and new mexico in return for mexico’s acceptance of the rio grande as the texas boundary

general zachary taylor

marched his forces across the disputed territory. he captured matamoros, monterrey, and buena vista

polk’s war plan

american forces would drive mexicans out of the disputed land, then take over new mexico and california, and lastly capture new mexico city

general stephen watts kearny

led about 1,500 troops along the santa fe trail from fort lovenworth to new mexico. he captured santa fe without firing a shot. he moved on to califorina

bear flag republic

a small group of americans declared california independence and became known as this

kit carson

met along with john c. fremont in sonoma

commodore john sloat

u.s. navy force under him captured monterrey and san francisco

general winfield scott

was given the task of capturing mexico city. he left new orleans and sailed to a part of vera cruz. he marched and captured mexico city

treaty of guadeloupe hidalgo

mexico gave up texas and agreed to the rio grande as the border between texas and mexico

mexican cession

mexico ceded california and new mexico to the u.s. in exchange for $15 million

gadsden purchase

u.s. paid mexico $10 million for a strip of land along the southern edge of present day arizona and new mexico.

california gold rush

people discovered gold in california and came to get it

levi strauss

immigrant who sold “sturdy pants”; denim jeans

joseph smith

new englander living in new york who had a vision from god to start a mormon church

mormon church

first established in new york but was persecuted, then moved west to illinois but was persecuted and an angry mob killed joseph smith

brigham young

decided to move out west; ended up at the great salt lake and established a nation

nauvoo

the town that the mormons bought and renamed

mormon trail

a migration by the mormons that served as a valuable route to the western u.s. it ended at salt lake

deseret

nation set up by brigham young

millard fillmore

president of the u.s. who appointed brigham young as governor of the utah territory