History Test

United Nations

the most visible symbol of hope for peace; an international organization dedicated to keeping the peace

Potsdam Conference

meeting with the big three (U.S, U.S.S.R, and G.B) to discuss the end of ww2; Stalin promises free elections in Eastern Poland; issued after the Potsdam Declaration to Japan that warned that they should surrender or face total destruction.

Satellite Nations

countries dominated by the Soviet Union (Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary + Poland)

Iron Curtain

come to stand for the division of Europe; countries behind this were under Russia's control; a "curtain" split between the democratic nations and communist nations

Truman Doctrine

President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology; Truman's attempt at preventing Soviet influence from spreading by sending aid to countries in need (Turkey + Greece)

Marshall Plan

A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe in the hopes that these countries don't turn to Communism; similar to the Truman Doctrine

Berlin Airlift

The Allies response to the Soviets blockade of West Berlin; an attempt to break the blockade set in place + fly food and supplies into West Berlin after Stalin closes off all connecting roads.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

An international organization that has joined together for military purposes + formed out of fear of soviet aggression; a defensive military alliance composed of 12 countries; members pledged military support to one another in case any member was attacked

Taiwan

Nationalist China + had a seat at the U.N

38th Parallel

where North + South Korea was divided

Federal Employee Loyalty Program

designed to investigate government employees and to dismiss those unloyal to the U.S/ loyal to communism

House Un-American Activities Committee

one of the most famous agencies that investigated communist influence; believed that communists were sneaking propaganda into films + the committee investigated unfriendly witnesses

Hollywood Ten

men who refused to cooperate with the House Un-American Activities Committee because they thought the hearings were unconstitutional.

McCarran Internal Security Act

made it unlawful to plan any action that might lead to the establishment of a totalitarian dictatorship in the U.S; vetoed by Truman

H-Bomb

AKA the hydrogen bomb + deadlier than the atom bomb; the development of this bomb raised tensions significantly higher between the U.S. and U.S.S.R

Brinkmanship

A policy of threatening to go to war in response to any enemy aggression; U.S.S.R. rapidly built up their airforce to drop bombs.

Central Intelligence Agency

used spies + carried out secret operations to weaken/overthrow governments unfriendly to the U.S

Warsaw Pact

formed out of fear in response to West Germany rearming + joining NATO; a defensive alliance that linked the Soviet Union with several Eastern European countries.

Sputnik

U.S.S.R launhces the world's first artificial satellite; causes the space race

Joseph Stalin

Communist dictator of the Soviet Union; involved in Potsdam Conference, Berlin Blockade; etc.

Harry S. Truman

democrat; Became president when FDR died; gave the order to drop the atomic bomb; Truman Doctrine

George F. Kennan

American diplomat and leading authority on the Soviet Union; established the term "containment"

George Marshall

US General, created plan for rebuilding Europe (Marshall plan)

Chiang Kai-shek

General and leader of Nationalist China + military dictator whose major goal was to crush the communist movement led by Mao Zedong.

Mao Zedong

Chinese Communist leader; involved in the civil war

Douglas MacArthur

American general, who commanded allied troops in the Pacific during World War II; fought against the Chinese communists

Zhou En-lai

Mao's long time associate that would become the future premier of the Chinese People's Republic; warned that his country would not stand idly by and "let the Americans come to the border

Omar N Bradley

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff during the Korean War who criticized MacArthur's call for war with Red China

Alger Hiss

A former State Department official who was accused of being a Communist spy and was convicted of perjury. The case was prosecuted by Richard Nixon. Accused using microfilms as proof

Ethel and Julius Rosenberg

American communists who were executed after having been found guilty of conspiracy to commit espionage. The charges were in relation to the passing of information about the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. Theirs was the first execution of civilians for espionage in United States history

Joseph McCarthy

United States politician who unscrupulously accused many citizens of being Communists; mainly accused people in the senate for safety

Margaret Chase Smith

A Maine congresswoman, the first woman to be elected to both the Senate and the House, who opposed McCarthyism and stayed in office despite attempts by Joseph McCarthy to push her out.

Dwight D. Eisenhower

American General who began in North Africa and became the Commander of Allied forces in Europe; republican + election of 1952

John Foster Dulles

United States diplomat who (as Secretary of State) pursued a policy of opposition to the USSR by providing aid to American allies; convinced Eisenhower to fly one last U-2 plane which resulted in Francis Gary Powers capture

Mohammed Mossadegh

Prime Minister of Iran before overthrown in CIA coup, accused of treason, and convicted as a Communist; nationalized Iran's oil fields

Gamal Abdel Nasser

Egypt's head of government, tried to play the Soviets and the Americans against each other, by improving relations with each one in order to get more aid.

Imre Nagy

Communist leader who declared Hungary a free nation; promises free elections, denounces the warsaw pact, + demanded that soviet troops leave Hungary; gets executed

Nikita Khrushchev

A Soviet leader during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Also famous for denouncing Stalin and allowed criticism of Stalin within Russia; believed communism could be spread peacefully