UNIT 4

The Biak na Bato Constitution of 1897
The Malolos Constitution of 1899
The 195 Commonwealth Constitution
The1943 Constitution
The1973 Constitution
The 1986 Constitution
The 1987 Constitution

7 Constitutions of the Philippines

Isabelo Articho and Felix Ferrer

The Writers of Biak na Bato constitution

Biak na Bato

it was created in accordance to the revolutionary period

General Aguinaldo and Governor-General Primo de Rivera

they signed the Pact of Biak na Bato

false

biak na bato is exactly the same as the Cuban constitution

false

The Philippines have 6 constitution

Malolos Constitution

The First Republic Constitution in asia
During this period, the Philippines was governed by the laws of the United States of America

1899-1901

the malolos constitution lasted from _______ to ______

Felipe Calderon, Barasoain Church

who wrote the malolos constitution and where was it proclaimed

Philippine Organic Act of 1902

provided the Philippine Assembly composed of Filipino Citizen

Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916

included the first pledge of Philippine Independence

Philippine Organic Act of 1902
Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916
1902-1935

2 laws turned into constitution that lasted on ___ to ______

Tydings-McDuffie Law of 1934

also called the Philippine Independence Act
set parameters for the creation of constitution, and mandated the Philippine Legislature to held an election for the delegates to a Constitutional Convention

held when constructing or revising constitutions

Constitutional Convention

February 8, 1935

Finished the constitutional convention

March 25, 1935

Submitted to the president of US for certification

May 14,1935, national plebiscite

when and how was the 1935 constitution ratified

November 15, 1935

1935 constitution was effective on

unicameral assembly to bicameral congress
6 years no re-election to 4 years with the possibility of being re-elected

changes in 1935 constitution in 1940

Preparatory Committee on Philippine Independence

What was appointed to replace the 1935 Constitution?

1943 constitution

constitution used by the second republic

Jose P. Laurel

president for the second republic

1. to make Filipinos believe that they would be given independence;
2. to allow the Japanese to have more influence over Philippine territory and resources.

main purpose of 1943 constitution

March 11, 1947, Parity amendment

On _______ the _________ gave United States citizens equal rights with Filipino citizens to develop natural resources in the country and operate public utilities

Commonwealth Act No. 733

1935 constitution was altered under what act

December 1, 1972

when was the revised 1935 constitution submitted to President Marcos

Presidential Decree No. 86, s. 1972

what Presidential Decree allows to create citizen assembly in order to ratify the revised 1935 constitution through Viva voce voting

January 17, 1973

1973 constitution took effect on

Chief Justice Roberto V. Concepcion

he believe that there is a fraud that happened during the ratification of 1973 constitution

parliamentary

1973 constitution changed the form of government to

The 1986 Constitution

considered as the transitory or temporary constitution

March 25 1986

1986 constitution was promulgated

February 11, 1987

the 1987 constitution was effective on

Proclamation No. 58, s. 1987

proclamation issued includes the result of the plebiscite

February 2, 1987

the plebiscite was held on

Constitutional Commission led by Cecilia Munoz Palma.

1987 constitution was led by

1. Longer term but without reelection for president
2. Abolition of capital punishment
3. Party-list representation and creation of Sandiganbayan
4. Creation of Human Rights Commission
5. Controlled power of president in declaring martial law

5 changes inn 1987 constitution

change constitution day from January 17 to February 2

what is Proclamation No. 211 s, 1988

president Ferdinand Marcos, September 23, 1972

Who declared Martial Law? When was it?

express the country's independence and the establishment of new society

purpose of 1973 constitution

Reform

implies the existence of a defect that something is deformed or malformed and does not suit existing conditions.

january of 1973

When was the 1973 Constitution ratified?

Agrarian Reform

involves the restructuring of tenure, production, and support services structures.

Land Reform

full range of measures that may or should be taken to improve or remedy defects in the relations among men with respect to their rights in land.
“transformation of agrarian structure”
change in the legal or customary institution of property rights and duties, which define the rights of those who own or use agricultural land.

a. Friar Lands
b. Rice and Corn Lands
c. All Public and Private Lands

Agrarian Unrest

a. Post First World War Financial Crisis
b. Typhoons and Drought
c. General Improvement of Quality of Life – Cash needed
d. Breakdown of the “Kasama System”
e. Socialism/Hukbalahap

Early Causes of Agrarian Unrest

a. Rice Share Tenancy Law
b. Social Justice Program
c. Agricultural Tenancy Act and Land Reform Law of 1955
d. RA No. 3844: Agricultural Land Reform Code
e. RA 6389 otherwise known as the Land Reform Code
f. RA No. 6657 or Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP
g. RA 9700 was enacted which was an act strengthening the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program

Land/Agrarian Reform Programs

Pres. Diosdado Macapagal

RA No. 3844 was enacted during the term of _______.

president ferdinand Marcos

RA No. 6389 was promulgated during the term of _______.

June 10 1988, Corazon Aquino

RA No. 6657 was enacted on _______ during the term of _______.

RA No. 6657 or Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)

It was meant to promote social justice, industrialization as well as the provision of mechanisms thereof. It further extended the agrarian reform to agricultural lands..

RA No. 3844: Agricultural Land Reform Code

an act to ordain the agricultural Land Reform Code and to institute land reforms in the Philippines, including the abolition of tenancy and the channeling of capital into industry, appropriate funds therefor and for other purposes

P.D. No. 2

proclaimed the entire country as a land reform area among others the Land Reform for all Rice and Corn Lands.

RA 9700

an act strengthening the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program. It extended the acquisition and distribution of all agricultural lands and instituting necessary reforms.

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

RA No. 9700 was enacted during the term of _______.

RA 6398

RA that created the Department of Agrarian Reform. P.D. No. 2 and the P.D. No. 27 or the Emancipation of Peasants

PD No 27

ordered the emancipation of tenants from the bondage of the soil, transferring to them the ownership of the land they till and providing the instruments and mechanism therefor

a. Constitutional Limitations
b. Support Services
c. Non-Transferability of Lands
d. Viability of Agrarian Reform

Factors to consider on Agrarian Reform

land to the tillers
land to the landless
protection of the rights and wellness of peasants
support service

Social Justice Programs

a. Counter Insurgency
b. Agriculture as starting point of development
c. Social Justice

purpose of the agrarian reform

social justice

The right of all the people to human dignity, reduce social, economic, and political inequalities, and remove cultural inequities by equitably diffusing wealth and political power for the common good.

exploration, military conquest, missionary work, influence of mass media, and tourism.

Diffusion occurs through?

culture

The total lifestyle of a people, including all of their ideas, values, knowledge, behaviors, and material objects that they share.
shapes and guides people’s perception of reality.
the lens through which we perceive and evaluate what is going around us
people’s traditions, customs, and behaviors.

diffusion

a cultural item is spread from group to group or society to society.

non material culture

a group's way of thinking (including its beliefs, and values) and doing (its common pattern of behavior, including language and other forms of interaction).

culture shock

The disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture and can no longer depend on their taken-for-granted assumptions about life.

material culture

all those things that humans make or adapt from the raw stuff of nature: houses, computers, jewelry, oil paintings, etc.

society

refers to a group of people who are relatively self-sufficient and who share a common territory and culture.

ethnocentrism
cultural relativism
xenocentrism

Attitudes towards Cultural Variation

ethnocentrism

tendency to evaluate and judge the customs and traditions of others according to one’s own cultural tastes, beliefs, and standards. We learn that the ways of our own group are good, right, proper, and superior to other ways.
Positive: in-group loyalty
Negative; discrimination

formal and informal norms

Types of Norms

formal norms

Norms that have been written down and involve strict rules or punishment of violators

false

True or false?
Each culture tends to be not selective in what it absorbs (food vs. beliefs). Thus, making diffusion easy.

norms

standards of behavior maintained by a society.

norms
sactions
values
symbols
language

Components of Culture

informal norms

Norms that are generally understood but are not precisely recorded.

false

True or false?
Everyone can be entirely successful at practicing cultural relativism

xenocentrism

belief that the products, styles, or ideas of one’s society is inferior to those that originate elsewhere.

sanctions

penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm. Conformity to a norm can lead to positive sanctions such as pay raise, a medal, a word of gratitude, or a pat on a back.

values

collective concepts of what is considered good, desirable, and proper-or bad, undesirable, and improper- in a culture.
indicate what people find important and morally right (or wrong).
influence people's behavior and serve as criteria for evaluation the actions of others.

values

principle, standard, or quality that has been freely chosen from alternatives and acted upon which is considered worthwhile or desirable.

values clarification

a process by which a person can discover values or principles through one’s behavior, feelings, ideas and important choices one has made.
clarify what decision in his/her life had a major influence on one’s personality.
help one understand his/her character and the choices that a person will make in the future.

deeply rooted in faith
appreciative with individuals uniqueness
socially responsible
professionally competent
filipino in ideal
creative

Core Values

hiya (shame/sensitivity)

Negative, This trait reduces one to smallness or to what Nietzsche calls the "morality of slaves", thus congealing the soul of the Filipino and emasculating him, making him timid, meek, and weak.
Positive, a person considers other people’s feelings and avoids arguments or offense to others

socially responsible

aware of one’s actions and committed to the recognition and development of one’s own and the other person’s responsibilities and duties

deeply rooted in faith

ever conscious of God’s presence steeped in Christian values, ethics and morals

hiya
ningas cogon
manana
pakikisama bahala na
utang na loob

Filipino Values

ningas cogon

Negative, it begins ardently and dies down as soon as it begins. This trait renders one inactive and unable to initiate things or persevere.
Positive, a person is nonchalant, detached, indifferent, and nonplussed should anything go wrong, and hence conducive to peace and tranquility.

professionally competent

effective in thought and expression, decisive and independent-minded

filipino in ideals

is able to exhibit a strong sense of nationhood; pro-life, pro-people, pro-Philippines; Nationalistic in ideas and perspective

creative

one who uses his/her knowledge and skills to make a unique, resourceful or innovative way of solving a problem by being responsible and does not violate any rule

manana habit

Negative, constantly postpones action, and accomplishes nothing. This arises from an indolent mentality that a problem will go away by itself.
Positive, because one is without stress and tension; one learns to take what comes naturally.

pakikisama

Negative: one closes one's eyes to evils in order to conserve peace and harmony in a group at the expense of one's comfort.
Positive, because one lives for others; peace or lack of dissension is a constant goal.

bayanihan

Unity
Cooperation
Being heroes to each other

delicadeza

Finesse
Action in a refined way

palabra de honor

Word of honor
Unwritten promise

appear
show of power
bribery
alibi
bribe
nepotism

Pakiusap (______)
palakasan (______)
sipsip (______)
palusot (______)
lagay (______)
bata System (______)

bahala na

Negative, one leaves everything to chance under the pretext of trusting in Divine providence. This trait is really laziness disguised in religious garb.
Positive, It is conducive to humility, modesty, and lack of arrogance.

paggalang

Honoring

pagdadamayan

comforting