American History Test GD

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

A program designed to provide jobs for unemployed men through the implementation of conservation projects on public lands, including forest restoration, park improvements, and soil erosion control.

National Recovery Act (NRA)

A New Deal legislation aimed at promoting national industrial recovery by establishing fair competition codes and improving labor standards, including maximum hours and minimum wages.

Public Works Administration (PWA)

Created to stimulate economic recovery by funding large-scale public works projects, such as highways, bridges, schools, and hospitals, contributing to job creation and infrastructure development.

Social Security Act (SSA)

Legislation enacted in 1935 that created a social insurance program designed to provide financial assistance through pensions for retirees, unemployment insurance, and aid for dependent children and the disabled.

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

One of the largest New Deal programs supporting public job creation by funding infrastructure projects, such as roads and buildings, while also providing jobs in arts, music, and writing.

Wagner Act

Also known as the National Labor Relations Act, this 1935 law protected workers' rights to organize and join unions, established collective bargaining practices, and created the National Labor Relations Board.

Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)

Established in 1933 to provide direct financial aid and work relief to states for the unemployed during the financial crisis, utilizing a combination of federal funds and local resources.

Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)

A key New Deal program created to stabilize crop prices by controlling production levels, providing government subsidies to farmers to reduce crop output during the Great Depression.

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

A federally owned corporation established in 1933 to provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, and economic development in the Tennessee Valley through dam construction.

Hawley Smoot Tariff Act

Legislation passed in 1930 that raised tariffs on imports to historically high levels, which led to retaliatory measures from other countries and contributed to a decline in international trade.

Hoover Solution to the GD

President Herbert Hoover's approach to the Great Depression emphasized 'Rugged Individualism,' advocating for minimal government intervention and promoting volunteerism for community support.

FDR's Hundred Days

Refers to the first three months of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency in 1933, during which a flurry of legislation was enacted to combat the Great Depression and implement New Deal policies.

Emergency Banking Relief Act

Passed in March 1933, this law allowed for the reopening of solvent banks under Treasury supervision and aimed to restore public confidence in the American banking system.

Glass-Steagall Act

Enacted in 1933, this legislation separated commercial banking from investment banking, established the FDIC, and aimed to restore trust in the safety of bank deposits.

FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)

An independent agency created in 1933 that provides deposit insurance to depositors in U.S. commercial banks and savings institutions, designed to maintain public confidence in the banking system.

Court Packing Deal

A controversial proposal by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1937 to expand the Supreme Court by adding more justices in order to secure favorable rulings for New Deal legislation.

Black Tuesday

October 29, 1929; the date of the most significant stock market crash in U.S. history, which marked the outset of the Great Depression and led to widespread economic turmoil.

Consumer Spending

Excessive purchasing on credit during the 1920s, often fueled by a false sense of security in the economy, resulting in significant personal debt and financial instability for many individuals.

Wealth Gap

The increasing disparity in economic resources between the wealthy and the poor in America during the 1920s, which was a key factor contributing to the onset of the Great Depression.

RELIEF

FERA, Federal Emergency Relief Administration, CCC, Civilian Conservation Corps, and SSA, Social Security Act. 

RECOVERY

NRA National Recovery Act

PWA Public Works Administration 

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)

REFORM

Wagner Act