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Sound wave
Longitudinal waves that cause particles to vibrate parallel to the direction of wave travel
Medium
A material through which a wave can be transmitted
Mediums that sound can travel through
Sound can travel through solids, liquids and gases
Speed of sound
Depends on the medium that the sound is travelling through
Speed of sound in air
Approx. 330 metres per second (m/s)
Speed of sound in a vacuum
Sound cannot travel through a vacuum because it needs particles to vibrate
How the ear allows sounds to be heard
Sound waves cause the ear drum and other parts to vibrate which causes the sensation of sound
Frequency of a sound wave
Related to the pitch of a sound
Relationship between frequency and pitch
The higher the frequency, the higher the pitch
Amplitude of a sound wave
Related to the loudness of a sound
Relationship between amplitude and loudness
The higher the amplitude, the louder the sound
Range of human hearing
20 Hz to 20,000 Hz
Ultrasound
Sound waves that have a frequency higher than the upper limit for human hearing (above 20,000 Hz)
Infrasound
Sound waves that have a frequency lower than the lower limit for human hearing (below 20 Hz)