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Kinesiology
The study of movement.
Force
A push or pull acting on the body.
Class II lever efficiency
Class II levers have a longer internal moment arm than they do external moment arm.
Lever arm direction
Perpendicular to the fulcrum and force.
Compression
The type of stress a long bone is best suited to handle.
Class III lever
When the resistance moment arm is longer than the effort moment arm.
Translation
Movement observed when force is exerted and movement occurs but there is no torque.
Class I lever
When internal moment arm is 10 cm on one side and external moment arm is 1 cm on the opposite side of the fulcrum.
Greenstick fracture location
The anterior superior aspect of the collarbone (the tension side).
Anatomical structure
The thumb is the most lateral structure in anatomical position.
Sagittal plane
Divides the body into left and right.
Radial/ulnar deviation axis
Occurs on the sagittal axis.
Distal structure
The talocrural joint is the most distal structure.
Wolff's Law
Bones are remodeled according to the strain placed upon them.
Sesamoid bones
Found embedded in tendons.
Glenohumeral joint degrees of freedom
Has 3 degrees of freedom.
Goniometer measurement
The stationary arm remains fixed in line with an anatomical landmark and the movement arm tracks the motion.
Growth center of the bone
Known as the epiphyseal plate.
Yield point tissue response
The shape is permanently altered though not fully torn.
Axial skeleton
Includes the skull, vertebrae, and sternum.
Neuroplasticity
The ability of the brain to form or reorganize connections in response to learning, particularly after an injury.
Parietal lobe function
Sensory processing.
Frontal cortex function
Executive functioning.
Cerebellum function
Prediction center/movement control.
Thalamus function
Relay center.
Motor vs. sensory homonculus
Gums and teeth are only present on one homonculus.
Peripheral nervous system structure
The sciatic nerve.
Lower extremity nerves structure
The lumbosacral plexus.
Decussating signals implications
Can have function in one pathway but not the other at the same level or body region.
Upper motor lesion deficits
Hyperreflexia.
Lower motor neuron lesion implications
Requires a catheter/colostomy bag due to inability to hold contents.
Motor unit definition
A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates.
Closed learning environment characteristics
Practicing multiple tasks in sequence in the kinesiology lab with a tutor.
Variable learning example
A pitcher alternating pitches during practice.
Hick's Law
As the amount of response alternatives increases, reaction time gets slower.
Skilled 100m sprinter muscle fiber type
Type II B muscle fibers.
Passive insufficiency example
Decreased hip flexion when the knee is extended due to hamstring length.
Shoulder separation injury
Injures the AC joint.
Humeral head direction
Points backwards in relation to the bottom of the humerus.
Warm-up components
Dynamic warm-up and activity-specific warm-up.
Extensor tendons compartments
Run through bony compartments.
Reverse muscle action example
The gluteus medius during a side plank.
Intrinsic force counteracting head position
Cervical extensors.
Scapula attachment to axial skeleton
Through the SC joint via the AC joint.
Stages of healing with active swelling
The inflammatory phase.
Acetabulum bones
The pubic bone, ilium, and ischium comprise the acetabulum; sacrum is not part.
Talocrural joint composition
Does not include the calcaneus.
Primary ACL role
Resists anterior tibial translation and rotation.
Emergent condition from increased lower leg pressure
Compartment syndrome.
Flexor pronator muscle mass location
Located at the medial epicondyle.
Asymmetrical step length gait pattern
Antalgic gait.
Wide base of support gait pattern
Shuffling gait.
Functional unit of gait
A stride includes two steps.
Longer phase in gait
The stance phase is longer.
Phase with lowest ground reaction force
Loading response.
Muscle activation at phase change (ball release)
All of the above occurs at point of release.
EMG function
Shows electrical activity in a muscle.
Medial patella femoral ligament purpose
Provides patellar stability by resisting lateral slipping.
Knee valgus position description
Ankle is lateral to the midline relative to the knee.
Tibial osteotomy condition
Performed to improve patellar stability for tibial torsion.
Front squat teaching tool
Increases emphasis on upright positioning and trunk control crucial for squatting.
Primary mover for RDL
Gluteals.
Best stretch for pectoralis major
Shoulder abduction and external rotation.
Decreasing ground reaction forces during jogging
Land with increased knee and hip flexion and on the forefoot.
Resultant force magnitude finding method
Place vectors tip to tail and connect the open tail to the open tip.
Weight distribution for maximizing driving distance in golf (setup)
Evenly distributed between front and back legs.
Weight distribution during backswing (arm parallel position)
On the back foot.