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67 Terms

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Kinesiology

The study of movement.

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Force

A push or pull acting on the body.

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Class II lever efficiency

Class II levers have a longer internal moment arm than they do external moment arm.

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Lever arm direction

Perpendicular to the fulcrum and force.

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Compression

The type of stress a long bone is best suited to handle.

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Class III lever

When the resistance moment arm is longer than the effort moment arm.

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Translation

Movement observed when force is exerted and movement occurs but there is no torque.

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Class I lever

When internal moment arm is 10 cm on one side and external moment arm is 1 cm on the opposite side of the fulcrum.

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Greenstick fracture location

The anterior superior aspect of the collarbone (the tension side).

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Anatomical structure

The thumb is the most lateral structure in anatomical position.

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Sagittal plane

Divides the body into left and right.

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Radial/ulnar deviation axis

Occurs on the sagittal axis.

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Distal structure

The talocrural joint is the most distal structure.

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Wolff's Law

Bones are remodeled according to the strain placed upon them.

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Sesamoid bones

Found embedded in tendons.

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Glenohumeral joint degrees of freedom

Has 3 degrees of freedom.

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Goniometer measurement

The stationary arm remains fixed in line with an anatomical landmark and the movement arm tracks the motion.

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Growth center of the bone

Known as the epiphyseal plate.

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Yield point tissue response

The shape is permanently altered though not fully torn.

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Axial skeleton

Includes the skull, vertebrae, and sternum.

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Neuroplasticity

The ability of the brain to form or reorganize connections in response to learning, particularly after an injury.

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Parietal lobe function

Sensory processing.

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Frontal cortex function

Executive functioning.

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Cerebellum function

Prediction center/movement control.

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Thalamus function

Relay center.

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Motor vs. sensory homonculus

Gums and teeth are only present on one homonculus.

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Peripheral nervous system structure

The sciatic nerve.

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Lower extremity nerves structure

The lumbosacral plexus.

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Decussating signals implications

Can have function in one pathway but not the other at the same level or body region.

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Upper motor lesion deficits

Hyperreflexia.

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Lower motor neuron lesion implications

Requires a catheter/colostomy bag due to inability to hold contents.

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Motor unit definition

A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates.

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Closed learning environment characteristics

Practicing multiple tasks in sequence in the kinesiology lab with a tutor.

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Variable learning example

A pitcher alternating pitches during practice.

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Hick's Law

As the amount of response alternatives increases, reaction time gets slower.

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Skilled 100m sprinter muscle fiber type

Type II B muscle fibers.

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Passive insufficiency example

Decreased hip flexion when the knee is extended due to hamstring length.

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Shoulder separation injury

Injures the AC joint.

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Humeral head direction

Points backwards in relation to the bottom of the humerus.

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Warm-up components

Dynamic warm-up and activity-specific warm-up.

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Extensor tendons compartments

Run through bony compartments.

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Reverse muscle action example

The gluteus medius during a side plank.

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Intrinsic force counteracting head position

Cervical extensors.

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Scapula attachment to axial skeleton

Through the SC joint via the AC joint.

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Stages of healing with active swelling

The inflammatory phase.

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Acetabulum bones

The pubic bone, ilium, and ischium comprise the acetabulum; sacrum is not part.

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Talocrural joint composition

Does not include the calcaneus.

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Primary ACL role

Resists anterior tibial translation and rotation.

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Emergent condition from increased lower leg pressure

Compartment syndrome.

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Flexor pronator muscle mass location

Located at the medial epicondyle.

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Asymmetrical step length gait pattern

Antalgic gait.

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Wide base of support gait pattern

Shuffling gait.

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Functional unit of gait

A stride includes two steps.

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Longer phase in gait

The stance phase is longer.

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Phase with lowest ground reaction force

Loading response.

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Muscle activation at phase change (ball release)

All of the above occurs at point of release.

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EMG function

Shows electrical activity in a muscle.

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Medial patella femoral ligament purpose

Provides patellar stability by resisting lateral slipping.

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Knee valgus position description

Ankle is lateral to the midline relative to the knee.

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Tibial osteotomy condition

Performed to improve patellar stability for tibial torsion.

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Front squat teaching tool

Increases emphasis on upright positioning and trunk control crucial for squatting.

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Primary mover for RDL

Gluteals.

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Best stretch for pectoralis major

Shoulder abduction and external rotation.

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Decreasing ground reaction forces during jogging

Land with increased knee and hip flexion and on the forefoot.

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Resultant force magnitude finding method

Place vectors tip to tail and connect the open tail to the open tip.

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Weight distribution for maximizing driving distance in golf (setup)

Evenly distributed between front and back legs.

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Weight distribution during backswing (arm parallel position)

On the back foot.