World History Review

Flashcards about the Mughal Empire and British India

Mughal Empire

Descendants of Mongols who founded an empire in India in the 16th century.

Akbar the Great

United India and reconciled Hindus and Muslims in the Mughal Empire.

Shah Jahan

Ended religious toleration and built the Taj Mahal in the Mughal Empire.

British East India Company

Gained control of most of India by the late 1800s.

Ottomans

A nomadic Turkish group that emerged as rulers of most of the Islamic world.

Ottoman Empire Capture

Captured Constantinople in 1453 and renamed it Istanbul, cutting off European trade with Asia.

Sultan

The ruler of the Ottoman Empire, residing in Istanbul.

Manchus

Conquerors from Manchuria who overthrew the Ming Dynasty in the 1640s and established the Qing Dynasty.

Qing Dynasty

Dynasty established by the Manchus in China, who mainly adopted Chinese ways.

Shoguns

Military governors who controlled Japan with landowners called Daimyo from 1200-1868.

Daimyo

Landowners in Japan who were controlled by the Shoguns.

Samurai

Warriors in Japan who swore allegiance to their local daimyo and followed the Bushido code of honor.

Enlightenment

Intellectual movement that began in France, England, Scotland, and Germany, also known as the Age of Reason.

John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, Jean Jacques Rousseau

Key Enlightenment Thinkers

Scientific method

A method to observe nature, make hypotheses, and test hypotheses through experiments

Copernicus, Galileo, Newton

Key People of the Scientific Revolution

Napoleonic Code

Combined traditional codified law with principles of the revolution; most legal systems in Europe today are based on the Code

French Revolution

Causes: Inequality among the estates (social classes), unfair taxes, bankrupt government, and the spread of Enlightenment ideas.

Maximilien Robespierre

Launched a Reign of Terror against all dissenters

Mexican Revolution outcome

Established public education, universal voting, 8-hour work-day, and the right of workers to strike

Congress of Vienna (1814-1815)

Statesmen established "balance of power" to keep any one country from becoming dominant in Europe

American Independence (Revolutions)

Colonists resented economic restrictions and exploitation; ideas of American and French Revolutions influenced Latin American leaders

Spain and Portugal

Divided up South America in 1494

Encomiendas

Native Americans were forced to work as slaves on the land or in mines

Louis XIV

Built Versailles, patronized the arts, engaged in constant warfare

Peter the Great and Catherine the Great

Absolute rulers of Russia; sought to expand and "Westernize" their nation

Benin, Ashanti, Dahomey

Trading kingdoms; Gold, ivory, slaves; traded with Europeans

Middle Passage

The voyage that Africans were captured by other tribes and shipped to the Americas under horrendous conditions