(Definition) Occupational Areas and Filipino Culture

April to July

if a person were to pursue a postgraduate degree, they are still employed in the months of:

Leisure and hospitality

common employment areas of YA in USA

Men

works more hours and works more overtime shifts

Gender wage gap

women earning less than men

Lockstep career mystique

engaging in hard work for long hours through adulthood will bring status, security, and happiness

Protean career

individual is experiencing greater responsibility for career choices and opportunite. Subjective career success

career establishment and financial independence

developmental tasks of YA

Job hopping

the practice of changing jobs often

work stress

pressure that people experience from professional tasks

Lazarus and Folkman’s Theory of Stress

individuals assess stressful events through challenge harm/loss, stress

Men

spends more time on leisure activity daily

watching TV

dominant leisure activity

men

more likely to engage in gym attendance, team sport, individual sport

Women

more likely to engage in walking, reading, playing a musical instrument

Heirarichal leisure constraints model

People face intrapersonal, interpersonal and structural constraints

Two-vector theory of leisure motivation

Leisure provides two purposes: personal fulfillment, social rewards

Serious leisure

Structured, skill-based, fosters identity and purpose

Casual leisure

Relaxing but less structured

Project-based leisure

One-time events with short-term meaning

Self-determination theory

motivation exists on a c

Amotivation

no interest

extrinsic motivation

driven by external rewards or pressure

Introjected motivation

avoiding guilt or seeking social approval

Identified motivation

aligning activities with personal values but still influenced by external factors

intrinsic motivation

most beneficial for longterm engagement, fueled by autonomy, competence, and relatedness

Flow theory

__ state occurs when challenge matches skill level

Apter’s Reversal Theory

2 distinct and interchangeable motivational states can lead to enjoyment

Telic State

serious activities aimed at achieving a long term goal; pleasure arises from anticipation of reaching the goal

Paratelic State

immediate and playful activities; enjoyment is derived from the activity itself and the excitement that results from it; enjoyment of the current process and current moment

Expectancy-Value Model

defines reasons to engage as a combination of young people’s perceived proficiency in the activity and the value they place on the activity

Breadwinner Phenomenon

young

Tagasalo theory

syndrome that affects filipino adult children and prompts them to assume the role of a caregiver or one who leads the family in times of need

Utang na loob

YA who finish study due to a relative’s help feel the need to repay them

Filial duty

family comes first, being duty

Kapwa

unity of self and others

universalism

understand, appreciate, and concern the protection of the welfare of all people

pakikisama

getting along with others or going with the majority to practice friendliness and exhibit the trait of being welcoming

Panganay ka

the role model, the ones who take on the role of being the breadwinner, takes up jobs

Job oriented

Reactive approach to development within current job

Work maintenance

Proactive approach in finding employment and building income

Work growth

Highly proactive where individuals desire learning and growth opportunities

Experience effect

employees handle social emotional aspects of their job overtime

Vulnerability effect

employees find stress as time goes on

Overload effect

both experience and vulnerability effect arises causing an overload

Job demands res

Effort-reward imbalance theory

stress results from a mismatch between high effort and low rewards

Cox’s theory of success

Stress occurs when perceived demands exceed coping resources

Transactional Theory

stress depends on how individuals appraise and respond to situations

Equity model

stress arises when employees feel undervalued

work-related stress model

stress results from the interaction of personal factors, job conditions, and living circumstances

adult daughters

expected to care for aging parents more

Guilt or hiya

can suppress pursuit of nontraditional careers

Hong Kong

home away from home

Hypertension

health condition of most OFWs in their 50s

Musculoskeletal Disorder

filipino migrant workers show a higher prevalence of ___

Marites Culture

social phenomenon where MA women find entertainment on gossip

Retirement Law

Entitles filipino employees to retirement benefits at the age of 60, with mandatory retirement at 65

Bridge employment

work taken on after leaving a long-term career but before full retirement

Activity Theory

role of leisure in attaining better well-being at an older age is for the preservation of psychological health through high level of involvement in activity

Continuity Theory

OAs want to maintain stability in the roles they played throughout their life despite the physical, mental, emotional, and social barriers put to them by aging

Patrilocality

adopting elders into a family home, more specifically the husband’s home