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Attribution Theory
The process of explaining the causes of one’s behavior.
Internal Attribution
Attributing behavior to personal or dispositional factors.
External Attribution
Attributing behavior to situational factors.
Explanatory Style
Predictable patterns of how people explain good/bad events.
Fundamental Attribution Error
The tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal factors.
Actor/Observer Bias
The tendency to attribute others’ behavior to internal causes while attributing our own behavior to external causes.
Self Serving Bias
The tendency to take personal credit for positive outcomes, but blame external causes for failures.
Confirmation Bias
The tendency to remember information that confirms our bias and forget information that does not.
Locus of Control
The extent to which individuals believe they can control events affecting them.
Person Perception
Mental processes we use to form impressions of people.
Mere Exposure Effect
The phenomenon where attitudes toward an object/person become more positive the more frequently exposed to it.
Foot in Door Technique
A persuasion technique that involves getting a person to agree to a small request and gradually presenting larger requests.
Cognitive Dissonance
The discomfort experienced when holding two conflicting beliefs or attitudes.
Social Loafing
The tendency to exert less effort when performing a group task than when performing the same task alone.
Deindividuation
The phenomenon when a person becomes submerged in a group and loses sense of individuality.
Altruism
An unselfish concern for another's welfare.
Bystander Effect
The phenomenon where the chances someone will help decrease as the number of people present increases.
Reciprocity
The tendency to like those who like us.
Matching Hypothesis
The theory that people often pair with others who are about as attractive as they are.
Social Exchange Theory
The idea that we help when the costs of helping are outweighed by the benefits.
