chapter 5

what is the SI unit of charge?

the coulomb

allow the free and uniform passage of electrons when charged

conductors

resist the movement of charge and will have localized areas of cbarae that do not distribute over the surface of the material

insulators

gives the magnitude of the electrostatic force vector between two charges

coulomb’s law

the ratio of the force that is exerted on a test charge to the magnitude of that charge

the electric field

the amount of work required to bring the test charge from infinitely far away to a given position in the vicinty of a source charge

electric potential energy

will the electric potential energy of a system increase or decrease when two like charges move toward each other or when two opposite charges move farther apart?

increase

will the electric potential energy of a system increase or decrease when two opposite charges move toward each other or when two like charges move farther apart?

decrease

the electric potential energy per unit charge

electric potential

the change in electric potential that accompanies the movement of a test charge from one position to another

voltage

Test charges will move spontaneously in whichever direction results in a increase/decrease in their electric potential energy

decrease

designate the set of points around a source charge or multiple source charges that have the same electric potential

equipotential lines

Two charges of opposite sign separated by a fixed distance, d, generate an

electric dipole

created by magnets and moving charges

magnetic fields

possess no unpaired electrons and are slightly repelled by a magnet

diamagnetic materials

possess some unpaired electrons and become weakly magnetic in an external magnetic field

paramagnetic materials

possess some unpaired electrons and become strongly magnetic in an external magnetic field

ferromagnetic materials

the sum of the electrostatic and magnetic forces acting on a a body

the lorentz force

coulomb’s law equation

F_e = (kq₁q₂)/r²

electric field equation

E = F_e/q = (kQ)/r²

electric potential energy equation

U = (kQq)/r

electric potential (from electric potential energy) equation

V = U/q

electric potential (from source charge) equation

V = (kQ)/r

voltage equation

ΔV = V_b - V_a = W_ab/q

electric potential near a dipole equation

V = ((kqd)/r²)cosθ

dipole moment equation

p = qd

electric field on the perpendicular bisector of a dipole equation

E = (1/4πε₀) x (P/r³)

torque on a dipole in an electric field equation

τ = pEsinθ

magnetic field from a straight wire equation

B = (μ₀I)/(2πr)

magnetic field from a loop of wire equation

B = (μ₀I)/2r

magnetic force on a moving point charge equation

F_B = qvBsinθ

magnetic force on a current-carrying wire equation

F_B = ILBsinθ