Chem 2 unit 1

Molarity

Moles solute/L solution

Molality

Moles solute/ kg solvent

What happens to the solubility of dissolved gas?

Decreases

What happens to the solubility of gas as temperature increases?

The solubility decreases

What is a colligative property?

Properties solely depent on number of solute particles rather than identity

Examples of Colligative properties

Vapor Pressure Depression, Freezing Point Depression, 

Boiling Point Elevation, Osmotic Pressure

van’t Hoff factor

ratio of moles of solute particles to moles of formula units dissolved

Raoult's law

When a nonvolatile solute A is added to a solvent B, the vapor pressure of the solvent is reduced to a value proportional to its own mole fraction in the solution

Boiling Point Elevation

∆Tb = i ∙m ∙Kb

Raoult's Law equation

Vapor pressure of solute= (partial pressure)(mole ratio)

Change in vapor pressure

(Mole ratio B)(partial pressure A)

Volatility

How readily a substance vaporizes

Always nonvolatile

Ionic compounds

Osmosis

a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane.

Solubility/ concentration equation

Sgas = kH × Pgas

Nonideal solution

AB bonds are the same magnatude as AA and BB bonds

Henry's Law

Solubility of a gas depends on pressure

Osmotic Pressure Equation

P=iMRT

R Constant

0.0206( atm x L ) (m x K )

Freezing Point Depression

∆Tf = i ∙m ∙Kf

colloidal Suspension

Heterogeneous Mixture in which one substance is dispersed throughout another

Properties Of Colloids

destructive light interference, Brownian Motion,

destructive light interference (Tyndall Effect)

The scattering of light When passed through an object

Brownian Motion

The collision of particles with water molecules in constant thermal motion

kinetic

study of factors that effect Speeds and mechanism of a reaction

Kinetic Factors

Nature of reactants , Temperature, concentration, Catalysts

speed

distance / Time

Rate

change in Product / Change in time

Rate equation

Rate=k([A]^n)([B]^n)

Zero Order

Changing the concentration of substance has no effect on the rate

First Order Reaction Notation